BIA-ALCL and BIA-SCC: Updates on Clinical Features and Genetic Mutations for Latest Recommendations.

Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) and Breast Implant-Associated Squamous Cell Carcinoma (BIA-SCC) are emerging neoplastic complications related to breast implants. While BIA-ALCL is often linked to macrotextured implants, current evidence does not suggest an implant-type association for BIA-SCC. Chronic inflammation and genetics have been hypothesized as key pathogenetic players, although for both conditions, the exact mechanisms and specific risks related to breast implants are yet to be established.

The FALD-V: A predictive formula for preoperative volume assessment of adipose tissue transplantation in FALD flap.

Background: The fat-augmented latissimus dorsi (FALD) flap is an evolution of the traditional latissimus dorsi (LD) flap, which allows to obtain a total autologous breast reconstruction (BR) avoiding the use of breast implants. The aim of this study was to develop a predictive preoperative formula in order to estimate and optimize the amount of fat to be transferred during FALD flap BR, using only anthropometric measurements.

Methods: We conducted a prospective clinical study between September 2020 and April 2023.

Lung Cancer Screening with Low-Dose CT: What We Have Learned in Two Decades of ITALUNG and What Is Yet to Be Addressed.

The ITALUNG trial started in 2004 and compared lung cancer (LC) and other-causes mortality in 55-69 years-aged smokers and ex-smokers who were randomized to four annual chest low-dose CT (LDCT) or usual care. ITALUNG showed a lower LC and cardiovascular mortality in the screened subjects after 13 years of follow-up, especially in women, and produced many ancillary studies. They included recruitment results of a population-based mimicking approach, development of software for computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) and lung nodules volumetry, LDCT assessment of pulmonary emphysema and coronary artery calcifications (CAC) and their relevance to long-term mortality, results of a smoking-cessation intervention, assessment of the radiations dose associated with screening LDCT, and the results of biomarkers assays.

UNet and MobileNet CNN-based model observers for CT protocol optimization: comparative performance evaluation by means of phantom CT images.

Purpose: The aim of this work is the development and characterization of a model observer (MO) based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs), trained to mimic human observers in image evaluation in terms of detection and localization of low-contrast objects in CT scans acquired on a reference phantom. The final goal is automatic image quality evaluation and CT protocol optimization to fulfill the ALARA principle.

Approach: Preliminary work was carried out to collect localization confidence ratings of human observers for signal presence/absence from a dataset of 30,000 CT images acquired on a PolyMethyl MethAcrylate phantom containing inserts filled with iodinated contrast media at different concentrations.

Diagnostic role of internal mammary lymph node involvement in tuberculous pleurisy: a multicenter study.

Background And Objectives: Diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy (TP) may be challenging and it often requires pleural biopsy. A tool able to increase pre-test probability of TP may be helpful to guide diagnostic work-up and enlargement of internal mammary lymph node (IMLN) has been suggested to play a potential role. The aim of the present investigation was to assess role of IMLN involvement in TP in a multi-centric case-control study, by comparing its prevalence and test performance to those observed in patients with infectious, non-tuberculous pleurisy (NTIP), and in controls free from respiratory diseases (CP).

Moderate-severe coronary calcification predicts long-term cardiovascular death in CT lung cancer screening: The ITALUNG trial.

Purpose: Coronary artery calcifications (CAC) are very strong indicators for increased cardio-vascular (CV) risk and can be evaluated also in low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) for lung cancer screening. We assessed whether a simple and fast CAC visual score is associated with CV mortality.

Methods: CAC were retrospectively assessed by two observers using a 4-score (absent, mild, moderate and severe) scale in baseline LDCT obtained in 1364 participants to the ITALUNG trial who had 55-69 years of age and a smoking history ≥20 pack-years.

The incremental value of computed tomography of COVID-19 pneumonia in predicting ICU admission.

Triage is crucial for patient's management and estimation of the required intensive care unit (ICU) beds is fundamental for health systems during the COVID-19 pandemic. We assessed whether chest computed tomography (CT) of COVID-19 pneumonia has an incremental role in predicting patient's admission to ICU. We performed volumetric and texture analysis of the areas of the affected lung in CT of 115 outpatients with COVID-19 infection presenting to the emergency room with dyspnea and unresponsive hypoxyemia.

Effectiveness of fingertip light contact in reducing postural sway in older people.

Background And Objective: haptic cues from fingertip light touch (LT) with a stationary surface reduce postural sway even at non-mechanically supportive force levels. Aim of this study was to determine the effects of LT on postural sway in older compared with younger persons.

Subjects: twenty young (age 20-29, mean 23.

Multidetector computed tomography of the head in acute stroke: predictive value of different patterns of the dense artery sign revealed by maximum intensity projection reformations for location and extent of the infarcted area.

Maximum intensity projections reconstructions from 2.5 mm unenhanced multidetector computed tomography axial slices were obtained from 49 patients within the first 6 h of anterior-circulation cerebral strokes to identify different patterns of the dense artery sign and their prognostic implications for location and extent of the infarcted areas. The dense artery sign was found in 67.

Traumatic lesions of corpus callosum: early multidetector CT findings.

Corpus callosum is one of the common sites of brain lesion, whose involvement is an indicator of a more severe prognosis, produced by traumatic shearing stresses resulting in diffuse axonal injury (DAI). Computed tomography (CT) in acute phase is considered to have a limited role for the detection of non-hemorrhagic or petechial hemorrhagic DAI lesions. New generation multidetector CT scanners allow faster acquisition of thinner-slice images and post-processing reformations.

Separate ipsilateral and contralateral corticospinal projections in congenital mirror movements: Neurophysiological evidence and significance for motor rehabilitation.

The neurophysiological hallmark of congenital mirror movements (MM) are fast-conducting corticospinal projections from the hand area of one primary motor cortex to both sides of the spinal cord. It is still unclear whether the abnormal ipsilateral projection originates through branching fibres from the normal contralateral projection or constitutes a separate ipsilateral projection. To clarify this question, we used focal paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation to test task-related modulation of short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) in the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) muscles of a 15-year-old girl (Patient 1) and a 40-year-old woman (Patient 2) with congenital MM.

Clinical characteristics of flexed posture in elderly women.

Objectives: To investigate the relationships between the severity of flexed posture (FP), skeletal fragility, and functional status level in elderly women.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Geriatric rehabilitation research hospital.

CT in acute stroke: improved detection of dense intracranial arteries by varying window parameters and performing a thin-slice helical scan.

We evaluated the possibility of improving detection of a dense intracranial artery on CT in acute stroke by narrowing window width, varying window level and performing a thin-slice helical scan for the circle of Willis, in some cases followed by postprocessing maximum-intensity projections. We carried out 32 examinations of 31 patients with a documented cerebral ischaemic attack, performing cranial CT within 6 h of the onset of symptoms. Patients with intracranial haemorrhage were excluded, as were patients who went on to thrombolytic therapy.

[Diagnostic accuracy of teleradiology in thoracic and abdominal diseases].

For one year now, teleradiology has linked the "S. Marcello" Hospital to the Department of Radiology of "Del Ceppo." Hospital in Pistoia, 30 kilometers away.

[Secondary liver lesions studied with double-helix spiral computed tomography: first experience].

The authors report their early personal experience with double-helix spiral CT (CT Twin Elscint) in the study of liver metastases. This work was aimed at optimizing the study technique and at assessing the diagnostic accuracy of this method. The high temperature developed by CT Twin and the presence of a double row of detectors permit to acquire proper length sequences (with 6.

[Teleradiography for diagnosis in emergency care. A clinical experience].

This work was aimed at evaluating the role of teleradiology in a diagnostic emergency room. Over a 6-month period (September 1991-February 1992), 2,000 films made in the emergency room were transmitted to a resident radiologist 1 kilometer away: each examination included patient's data (sex, age, site of trauma, etc.) which were sent by the admitting physician.

[The nimodipine therapy of acute focal cerebral ischemia (minor stroke). A clinical study with an assessment of regional cerebral blood flow by SPECT].

Aim of the study is the evaluation of therapeutic effectiveness of nimodipine in acute focal cerebral ischaemia. Thirty patients affected by minor ischaemic stroke divided in two randomized groups have been studied consecutively: all the patients were treated with standard therapy, nimodipine was delivered in addition only to the patients of the first group. Both clinical evaluation using Mathew scale, modified by Gelmers, and flowmetric evaluation with SPECT were performed at different times.

Serum erythropoietin levels in patients undergoing autologous bone marrow transplantation.

Serum erythropoietin (sEpo) levels were serially measured with a radioimmunoassay in 14 patients undergoing autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT), starting before the institution of the conditioning regimen up to day +45. An increase in sEpo levels was observed soon after starting the chemotherapy regimen, and before an evident fall in hemoglobin (Hb) levels took place. The peak in sEPo levels (221 +/- 181 mU/ml) was reached at day 0 in 9/14 patients, and was delayed up to day + 10 in the remaining five.

Quantitative platelet imaging and comparison of four mathematical models for the evaluation of platelet mean life span in patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia.

Background And Methods: Twenty-five thrombocytopenic patients underwent quantitative in vivo platelet kinetic studies using a scintillation camera and a computer-assisted imaging system. They fulfilled the criteria for chronic immune thrombocytopenia, and the object of the study was to evaluate platelet sequestration and destruction in the spleen. In this sense, the differences in the distribution of the radiolabelled platelets in the spleen and the liver, as well as the differences in the platelet mean life span (MLS) as computed by different methods were assessed.

Binding of recombinant human 125I-erythropoietin to CFU-E from the spleen of anemic mice.

Erythroid precursors were obtained from the spleen of mice made anemic with phenylhydrazine and used to study the binding of bioactive 125I-rEp to membrane receptors. Kinetic analysis, using splenic cells obtained at different times following the induction of anemia, showed that the maximum binding was reached at day 3, and decreased thereafter; minimal amounts of 125I-rEp were bound to the splenic cells of normal mice. Splenic cells of day 3 anemic mice were fractionated using continuous Percoll density gradients, resulting in a fraction enriched in CFU-E (delta = 1.

A dot assay for the erythropoietin receptor using human recombinant 125I-erythropoietin.

A dot assay was developed for the detection of membrane receptor(s) for erythropoietin (Ep). A relatively homogeneous population of cells bearing the receptor for Ep was generated in the spleen of mice made anemic with phenylhydrazine and crude membrane extracts were prepared from spleen cell suspensions. Aliquots of the membrane extracts were applied to microdishes of nitrocellulose in a volume of 4 microliters.