Separating dementia with Lewy bodies from Alzheimer's disease dementia using a volumetric MRI classifier.

Objectives: Distinguishing dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) from Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia, particularly in patients with DLB and concomitant AD pathology (DLB/AD+), can be challenging and there is no specific MRI signature for DLB. The aim of this study is to examine the additional value of MRI-based brain volumetry in separating patients with DLB (AD+/-) from patients with AD and controls.

Methods: We included 1518 participants from four cohorts (ADC, ADNI, PDBP and PredictND); 147 were patients with DLB (n = 76, DLB/AD+; n = 71, DLB/AD-), 668 patients with AD dementia, and 703 controls.

Increased background parenchymal enhancement on peri-menopausal breast magnetic resonance imaging.

Objectives: To examine the background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) levels in peri-menopausal breast MRI compared with pre- and post-menopausal breast MRI.

Methods: This study included 562 patients (55.8±12.

Childhood ADHD and subthreshold symptoms are associated with cognitive functioning at age 40-a cohort study on perinatal birth risks.

Introduction: In this prospective cohort study over 40 years we investigated the effect of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and subthreshold ADHD on cognitive performance in adulthood.

Methods: The cohort comprised individuals with mild perinatal risks. Childhood ADHD group (cADHD,  = 39) was compared to a group with subthreshold childhood attention or hyperactivity symptoms (cAP;  = 79), a group with similar perinatal risks but no ADHD symptoms ( = 255), and to controls without ADHD symptoms or perinatal risks ( = 69).

Childhood motor difficulties and cognitive impairment in midlife: A 40-year cohort study.

Objective: We aimed to examine the association of childhood motor difficulties (MD) with cognitive impairment in midlife.

Method: We studied 357 participants from a cohort born in 1971-1975. At age 9, they had completed the Test of Motor Impairment, which classified them into three groups: childhood MD (cMD), borderline cMD (bcMD), or no cMD.

Radiological features of screening-detected and interval breast cancers and subsequent survival in Eastern Finnish women.

Interval breast cancers are diagnosed between scheduled screenings and differ in many respects from screening-detected cancers. Studies comparing the survival of patients with interval and screening-detected cancers have reported differing results. The aim of this study was to investigate the radiological and histopathological features and growth rates of screening-detected and interval breast cancers and subsequent survival.

Specimen tomosynthesis provides no additional value to specimen ultrasound in ultrasound-visible malignant breast lesions.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and added value of specimen tomosynthesis (ST) to specimen ultrasound (SUS) in margin assessment of excised breast specimens in breast-conserving therapy for non-palpable US-visible breast lesions.

Materials: Between January 2018 and August 2019, all consecutive patients diagnosed with non-palpable breast cancer visible by ultrasound (US), treated with breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and requiring radiological intraoperative breast specimen assessment, were included in this study. Excised breast specimens were examined with SUS by radiologists blinded to the ST results, and margins smaller than 10 mm were recorded.

European intersocietal recommendations for the biomarker-based diagnosis of neurocognitive disorders.

The recent commercialisation of the first disease-modifying drugs for Alzheimer's disease emphasises the need for consensus recommendations on the rational use of biomarkers to diagnose people with suspected neurocognitive disorders in memory clinics. Most available recommendations and guidelines are either disease-centred or biomarker-centred. A European multidisciplinary taskforce consisting of 22 experts from 11 European scientific societies set out to define the first patient-centred diagnostic workflow that aims to prioritise testing for available biomarkers in individuals attending memory clinics.

Motor difficulties from childhood to midlife: A 40-year cohort study.

Background: There are few studies of the persistence of childhood motor difficulties (MD) into adulthood.

Aims: To investigate the association of childhood MD with motor skills and body mass index (BMI) in midlife.

Methods And Procedures: We studied 324 adults aged 40 from a cohort born in 1971-1974.

Progressive myoclonic epilepsy type 1 (EPM1) patients present with abnormal H MRS brain metabolic profiles associated with cognitive function.

Purpose: Progressive myoclonic epilepsy, type 1A (EPM1, Unverricht-Lundborg disease), is a rare neurodegenerative autosomal recessive disorder characterized by stimulus-sensitive and action myoclonus and tonic-clonic epileptic seizures. Patients develop neurological symptoms, including ataxia, intention tremor, and dysarthria, over time, with relatively limited and nonspecific MRI atrophy findings. The effects of the disease on brain metabolism are largely unknown.

Cortical thickness is inversely associated with transcranial magnetic stimulation-evoked N45 potential among young adults whose heavy drinking began in adolescence.

Background: Adolescence is a particularly vulnerable stage of development in terms of the deleterious effects of alcohol. Both lower gray matter (GM) volume and greater GABAergic activity have been associated with chronic alcohol consumption during adolescence. However, the association between these measures has not been investigated.

Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI to characterize angiogenesis in primary epithelial ovarian cancer: An exploratory study.

Purpose: Angiogenesis is essential for tumor growth. Currently, there are no established imaging biomarkers to show angiogenesis in tumor tissue. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate whether semiquantitative and pharmacokinetic DCE-MRI perfusion parameters could be used to assess angiogenesis in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).

Greater increases in intratumoral apparent diffusion coefficients after chemoradiotherapy predict better overall survival of patients with cervical cancer.

Purpose: To evaluate whether 1) the intratumoral apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) change during cervical cancer treatment and 2) the pretreatment ADC values or their change after treatment predict the treatment outcome or overall survival of patients with cervical cancer.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 52 patients with inoperable cervical cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy, who had undergone diffusion weighted MRI before treatment and post external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and concurrent chemotherapy. A subgroup of patients (n = 28) underwent altogether six consecutive diffusion weighted MRIs; 1) pretreatment, 2) post-EBRT and concurrent chemotherapy; 3-5) during image-guided brachytherapy (IGBT) and 6) after completing the whole treatment course.

The Role of Brain Integrity in the Association between Occupational Complexity and Cognitive Performance in Subjects with Increased Risk of Dementia.

Introduction: Mechanisms underlying the positive association between occupational mental demands and late-life cognition are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to assess whether the association between occupational complexity and cognition is related to and moderated by brain integrity in individuals at risk for dementia. Brain integrity was appraised throughout structural measures (magnetic resonance imaging, MRI) and amyloid accumulation (Pittsburgh compound B (PiB)-positron emission tomography, PiB-PET).

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy induces an elevation of tumour apparent diffusion coefficient values in patients with ovarian cancer.

Objectives: Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mMRI) is the modality of choice in the imaging of ovarian cancer (OC). We aimed to investigate the feasibility of different types of regions of interest (ROIs) in the measurement of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of diffusion-weighted imaging in OC patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT).

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 23 consecutive patients with advanced OC who had undergone NACT and mMRI.

Self-reported skills and self-confidence in point-of-care ultrasound: a cross-sectional nationwide survey amongst Finnish emergency physicians.

Background: The use of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is increasing. Numerous investigators have evaluated the learning curves in POCUS, but there are no published studies on how emergency physicians perceive their own competence level with this skill.

Methods: A nationwide survey amongst Finnish emergency physicians was conducted.

Diagnostic performance of tomosynthesis, digital mammography and a dedicated digital specimen radiography system versus pathological assessment of excised breast lesions.

Background: The aim of the study was to compare the performance of full-field digital mammography (FFDM), digital breast tomosynthesis and a dedicated digital specimen radiography system (SRS) in consecutive patients, and to compare the margin status of resected lesions versus pathological assessment.

Patients And Methods: Resected tissue specimens from consecutive patients who underwent intraoperative breast specimen assessment following wide local excision or oncoplastic breast conservative surgery were examined by FFDM, tomosynthesis and SRS. Two independent observers retrospectively evaluated the visibility of lesions, size, margins, spiculations, calcifications and diagnostic certainty, and chose the best performing method in a blinded manner.

Wall Shear Stress Predicts Media Degeneration and Biomechanical Changes in Thoracic Aorta.

In thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) of the ascending aorta (AA), AA is progressively dilating due to the weakening of the aortic wall. Predicting and preventing aortic dissections and ruptures in TAA continues to be challenging, and more accurate assessment of the AA dilatation, identification of high-risk patients, and timing of repair surgery are required. We investigated whether wall shear stress (WSS) predicts pathological and biomechanical changes in the aortic wall in TAA.

No Clinically Relevant Memory Effects in Perinatal Hyperglycemia and Hypoglycemia: A 40-Year Follow-Up of a Small Cohort.

Maternal diabetes mellitus in pregnancy is associated with impairments in memory functions of the offspring in childhood and adolescence but has not been studied in adulthood. The association of perinatal hypoglycemia with memory has not been studied in adulthood either. The combined sequelae of these two risk factors have not been directly compared.

Decreased Gray-White Matter Contrast of [11C]-PiB Uptake in Cognitively Unimpaired Subjects with Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Background: Very recently, cognitively normal, middle-aged adults with severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) were shown to have regional cortical amyloid-β deposits. In the normal brain, amyloid tracer (e.g.

Area-based breast percentage density estimation in mammograms using weight-adaptive multitask learning.

Breast density, which is a measure of the relative amount of fibroglandular tissue within the breast area, is one of the most important breast cancer risk factors. Accurate segmentation of fibroglandular tissues and breast area is crucial for computing the breast density. Semiautomatic and fully automatic computer-aided design tools have been developed to estimate the percentage of breast density in mammograms.

Grey matter atrophy in patients with benign multiple sclerosis.

Background: Brain atrophy appears during the progression of multiple sclerosis (MS) and is associated with the disability caused by the disease.

Methods: We investigated global and regional grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volumes, WM lesion load, and corpus callosum index (CCI), in benign relapsing-remitting MS (BRRMS, n = 35) with and without any treatment and compared those to aggressive relapsing-remitting MS (ARRMS, n = 46). Structures were analyzed by using an automated MRI quantification tool (cNeuro®).

Dual-Layer Rotation: A Versatile Therapeutic Mammoplasty Technique.

Background: Multifocal or complex breast lesions are a challenge for breast-conserving surgery, particularly surgery in small breasts or those located in the upper inner quadrant. The dual-layer rotation technique exploits the idea of manipulating the skin and glandular tissue in separate layers to fill the resection cavity via vertical mammoplasty if skin excision is not required, except in the central area.

Methods: The authors performed a retrospective review of consecutive breast cancer patients who underwent DLR mammoplasty between 2017 and 2019 at a single institution.

Mortality in individuals with childhood ADHD or subthreshold symptoms - a prospective perinatal risk cohort study over 40 years.

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with negative life outcomes and recent studies have linked it to increased mortality. These studies have examined nationwide registers or clinic-referred samples and mostly included participants up until the age of 30. No studies have investigated mortality associated with subthreshold levels of ADHD symptoms.

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound: a new tool for imaging the superficial lymphatic vessels of the upper limb.

Background: Despite the new lymphatic imaging methods, there is still a need for a straightforward method of detecting lymphatic abnormalities. Our goal was to investigate the feasibility of applying a contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) procedure as a new approach for visualising the superficial lymphatic vessels of the upper limb.

Methods: Thirty healthy volunteers were examined with CEUS after bilateral intradermal injection of Sonazoid® contrast agent in distal antebrachium.