Machine learning-based prediction models unleash the enhanced production of fucoxanthin in .

Introduction: The marine microalga is prolific producer of fucoxanthin, which is a xanthophyll carotenoid with substantial global market value boasting extensive applications in the food, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. This study presented a novel integrated experimental approach coupled with machine learning (ML) models to predict the fucoxanthin content in by altering the type and concentration of phytohormone supplementation, thus overcoming the multiple methodological limitations of conventional fucoxanthin quantification.

Methods: A novel integrated experimental approach was developed, analyzing the effect of varying phytohormone types and concentrations on fucoxanthin production in .

Euphol from Tapinanthus sp. Induces Apoptosis and Affects Signaling Proteins in Glioblastoma and Prostate Cancer Cells.

Background: Plants play an important role in cancer therapy. They are source of natural molecules which can induce apoptosis in cancer cells by affecting molecular mechanisms implicated in cancer progression. The MAP Kinase/ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways are two classical signaling pathways implicated in cancer progression and constitute therapeutic targets against cancer.

A new flavonoid glycoside from (Loranthaceae) and evaluation of anticancer activity of extract and some isolated compounds.

The present work describes the isolation and anticancer activity of which is a hemi parasitic plant harvested on , the host plant. Phytochemical study afforded a new flavonoid glycoside, tapinantoside () isolated for the first time from natural source, alongside six known compounds (-). Structure of compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses including 1 D and 2 D NMR, mass spectrometry and by comparison with literature data.

Anticancer Activity of Combretum fragrans F. Hoffm on Glioblastoma and Prostate Cancer Cell Lines.

Background: Cancer incidence has been growing in an alarming rate worldwide and new therapeutics are needed, particularly for intractable and chemoresistant cases. We evaluated the cytotoxic effects of Combretum fragrans F. Hoffm (Combretaceae) on glioblastoma (U87MG and C6) and prostate (PC-3) cancer cell lines.

Microarray Integrated Analysis of a Gene Network for the CD36 Myocardial Phenotype.

CD36 is a multifunctional membrane-type receptor glycoprotein that reacts with oxidized low-density lipoprotein and long-chain fatty acid (LCFA). However, much remains to be understood about the molecular mechanism of the cardio-myopathy observed in CD36-KO mice. In this study, we identify different genes pathways involved in response to CD36 cardio-myopathy phenotype by identifying the differences among biological processes, molecular pathways and networks of interactions that emerge from knocking CD3 and using different bioinformatics tools such as STRING, GeneMANIA and Cytoscape.

Integrated and Functional Genomics Analysis Validates the Relevance of the Nuclear Variant ErbB380kDa in Prostate Cancer Progression.

The EGF-family of tyrosine-kinase receptors activates cytoplasmic pathways involved in cell proliferation, migration and differentiation in response to specific extracellular ligands. Beside these canonical pathways, the nuclear localization of the ErbB receptors in primary tumours and cancer cell lines led to investigate their role as transcriptional regulators of cancer genes. The nuclear localization of ErbB3 has been reported in various cancer tissues and cell lines but the nuclear functions and the putative correlation with tumour progression and resistance to therapy remain unclear.

Genes selection comparative study in microarray data analysis.

In response to the rapid development of DNA Microarray Technologies, many differentially expressed genes selection algorithms have been developed, and different comparison studies of these algorithms have been done. However, it is not clear how these methods compare with each other, especially when we used different developments tools. Here, we considered three commonly used differentially expressed genes selection approaches, namely: Fold Change, T-test and SAM, using Bioinformatics Matlab Toolbox and R/BioConductor.

The Whole Genome Expression Analysis using Two Microarray Technologies to Identify Gene Networks That Mediate the Myocardial Phenotype of CD36 Deficiency.

We have previously shown that CD36 is a membrane protein that facilitates long chain fatty acid (FA) transport by muscle tissues. We also documented the significant impact of muscle CD36 expression on heart function, skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity as well as on overall metabolism. To identify a comprehensive set of genes that are differentially regulated by CD36 expression in the heart, we used two microarray technologies (Affymetrix and Agilent) to compare gene expression in heart tissues from CD36 KnocK-Out (KO-CD36) versus wild type (WT-CD36) mice.

Saturated fatty acids alter the late secretory pathway by modulating membrane properties.

Saturated fatty acids (SFA) have been reported to alter organelle integrity and function in many cell types, including muscle and pancreatic β-cells, adipocytes, hepatocytes and cardiomyocytes. SFA accumulation results in increased amounts of ceramides/sphingolipids and saturated phospholipids (PL). In this study, using a yeast-based model that recapitulates most of the trademarks of SFA-induced lipotoxicity in mammalian cells, we demonstrate that these lipid species act at different levels of the secretory pathway.

ErbB3(80 kDa), a nuclear variant of the ErbB3 receptor, binds to the Cyclin D1 promoter to activate cell proliferation but is negatively controlled by p14ARF.

EGFR family members are tyrosine kinase transmembrane receptors that, in response to specific extracellular ligands, activate cytoplasmic pathways involved in cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. More recently, a pivotal role for EGF receptors has emerged, through the description of their nuclear localization.We report here the characterization of a nuclear variant of the kinase-defective ErbB3 receptor, ErbB3(80 kDa), spanning the intracytoplasmic domain of the receptor.

The regulatory subunit of PDE6 interacts with PACSIN in photoreceptors.

Purpose: In photoreceptors, phosphodiesterase 6 (PDE6) is regulated in response to light, due to the shuttling of a regulatory subunit (PDE6gamma) between the catalytic subunits of PDE6 and the activated form of transducin. We showed previously that PDE6gamma is able to interact with the Src-homology type 3 (SH3) domain of formin-binding protein 17 (FBP17), a protein involved in membrane receptor endocytosis. FBP17 was not detected in rat retina.

A proline-rich domain in the gamma subunit of phosphodiesterase 6 mediates interaction with SH3-containing proteins.

Purpose: Phosphodiesterase 6 (PDE6) is the primary effector of phototransduction in vertebrate photoreceptors. Previous studies described the expression of the regulatory subunit of rod PDE6 (Pgamma-rod) in non-photosensitive tissues of the adult rat and the effects of this protein on MAP kinase pathways. Upon examination of the Pgamma-rod sequence, we detected a proline-rich domain that might reveal its ability to interact with SH3-containing proteins.

Follicle-stimulating hormone receptors in oocytes?

The regulatory mechanisms of oocyte maturation remain poorly understood. Although gonadotropins play a major role in these processes, they have generally been considered to act on somatic supportive cells, but not directly on germ cells. We have raised high affinity monoclonal antibodies against LH and FSH receptors.

Gonadotropin receptors.

Gonadotropin receptors belong to a subgroup of G-protein coupled receptors characterized by a large extracellular domain responsible for the binding of the hormone. Soluble, hormone-binding, alternative splicing variants of the LH receptor, are present in high concentration. A mannose rich precursor form of LH and FSH receptor is accumulated inside target cells.

A multi-laboratory evaluation of cryopreserved monkey hepatocyte functions for use in pharmaco-toxicology.

Ethical, economic and technical reasons hinder regular supply of freshly isolated hepatocytes from higher mammals such as monkey for preclinical evaluation of drugs. Hence, we aimed at developing optimal and reproducible protocols to cryopreserve and thaw parenchymal liver cells from this major toxicological species. Before the routine use of these protocols, we validated them through a multi-laboratory study.

Mouse trp2, the homologue of the human trpc2 pseudogene, encodes mTrp2, a store depletion-activated capacitative Ca2+ entry channel.

Capacitative Ca2+ entry (CCE) is Ca2+ entering after stimulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) formation and initiation of Ca2+ store depletion. One hallmark of CCE is that it can also be triggered merely by store depletion, as occurs after inhibition of internal Ca2+ pumps with thapsigargin. Evidence has accumulated in support of a role of transient receptor potential (Trp) proteins as structural subunits of a class of Ca2+-permeable cation channels activated by agonists that stimulate IP3 formation-very likely through a direct interaction between the IP3 receptor and a Trp subunit of the Ca2+ entry channel.

The basolateral localization signal of the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor.

The follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) is physiologically localized in the basolateral compartment of the membrane of Sertoli cells. This localization is also observed when the receptor is experimentally expressed in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. We thus used in vitro mutagenesis and transfection into these polarized cells to delineate the basolateral localization signal of the receptor.

The membrane topology of human transient receptor potential 3 as inferred from glycosylation-scanning mutagenesis and epitope immunocytochemistry.

Transient receptor potential (Trp) proteins form ion channels implicated in the calcium entry observed after stimulation of the phospholipase C pathway. Kyte-Doolittle analysis of the amino acid sequence of Trp proteins identifies seven hydrophobic regions (H1-H7) with potential of forming transmembrane segments. A limited sequence similarity to voltage-gated calcium channel alpha1 subunits lead to the prediction of six transmembrane (TM) segments flanked by intracellular N and C termini and a putative pore region between TM5 and TM6.

Basolateral localization and transcytosis of gonadotropin and thyrotropin receptors expressed in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells.

The thyrotropin (TSH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) receptors are present mainly on the basolateral cell surface in the thyroid gland and in Sertoli cells, whereas in ovarian and in testicular cells, the luteinizing hormone (LH) receptors are distributed throughout the cell surface. When expressed in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, all three receptors accumulated at the basolateral cell surface showing that they carry the corresponding targeting signals. The receptors were directly delivered to the basolateral surface of the MDCK cells.

Gonadotrophin and thyrotrophin receptors.

Gonadotrophin and thyrotrophin receptors belong to a subgroup of G-protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are characterized by a large extracellular domain that is responsible for the binding of the hormone. Soluble receptors, such as some luteinizing hormone receptors, arise from premessenger RNA alternative splicing, or, in the case of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, by the cleavage and shedding of the ectodomain.

On the molecular basis and regulation of cellular capacitative calcium entry: roles for Trp proteins.

During the last 2 years, our laboratory has worked on the elucidation of the molecular basis of capacitative calcium entry (CCE) into cells. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that CCE channels are formed of subunits encoded in genes related to the Drosophila trp gene. The first step in this pursuit was to search for mammalian trp genes.

The LH/CG and FSH receptors: different molecular forms and intracellular traffic.

Monoclonal antibodies have been raised against the LH/CG receptor [1] and have allowed to perform immunochemical studies of the receptor in target cells. Three different forms of the LH/CG receptor are physiologically expressed: a mature approximately 85 kDa transmembrane species corresponding to the full length receptor, a approximately 68 kDa high mannose containing species corresponding to a precursor which accumulates inside the cells, and truncated soluble approximately 45-48 kDa molecular weight species corresponding to the variant messanger RNAs generated by alternative splicing. Monoclonal antibodies against the human FSH receptor were also prepared.

Anti-human FSH receptor monoclonal antibodies: immunochemical and immunocytochemical characterization of the receptor.

The extracellular domain of the human FSH receptor was expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein with ubiquitin. It was tagged with a poly-His tract which was used for its purification. Immunization of mice allowed the preparation of high affinity antireceptor monoclonal antibodies.

A whole-embryo culture system proposed to study mouse sexual determination.

Standard procedures to culture rodent embryos (2-4 somite explanted embryos and a 48-hr culture period), do not allow assessment of genital crest differentiation. Cultures of older embryos have to be used for this objective. The proposed method uses glass apparatus derived from those initially decribed by New (1967) and Cockroft (1973).

Formation of bile canaliculi in long-term primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes on permeable membrane: an ultrastructural study.

Adult rat hepatocytes were cultured for 15 days on type I collagen-coated permeable membranes in a hormonally defined Waxman's modified medium supplemented with very low concentrations of insulin, glucagon and dexamethasone. Phase contrast examination showed that 15-day-old cultures still formed a regular monolayer of polygonal cells. In similarly aged cultures, intracellular glycogen was abundant and evenly distributed, while steatosis remained very limited.