Topographical distribution and prevalence of basal duct-like recess sign in a cohort of Papillary Craniopharyngioma-novel findings and implications.

Purpose: Basal duct-like recess (DR) sign serves as a specific marker of papillary craniopharyngiomas (PCPs) of the strictly third-ventricular (3 V) topography. Origins of this sign are poorly understood with limited validation in external cohorts.

Methods: In this retrospective study, MRIs of pathologically proven PCPs were reviewed and evaluated for tumor topography, DR sign prevalence, and morphological subtypes.

Tuberculosis of the Spinal Cord.

Tuberculosis involving the spinal cord is associated with high mortality and disabling long-term sequelae. Although tuberculous radiculomyelitis is the most frequent complication, pleomorphic clinical manifestations exist. Diagnosis can be challenging among patients with isolated spinal cord tuberculosis due to diverse clinical and radiological presentations.

A pragmatic diagnostic approach to primary intracranial germ cell tumors and their treatment outcomes.

Primary intracranial germ cell tumors (ICGCT) are often diagnosed with tumor markers and imaging, which may avoid the need for a biopsy. An intracranial germ cell tumor with mild elevation of markers is seldom stratified as a distinct entity. Fifty-nine patients were stratified into three groups: pure germinoma (PG), secreting germinoma (SG) and non-germinomatous germ cell tumors (NGGCTs).

Mass Spectrometry Imaging Deciphers Dysregulated Lipid Metabolism in the Human Hippocampus Affected by Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most prevalent form of human epilepsy, often accompanied by neurodegeneration in the hippocampus. Like other neurological diseases, TLE is expected to disrupt lipid homeostasis. However, the lipid architecture of the human TLE brain is relatively understudied, and the molecular mechanism of epileptogenesis is poorly understood.

Evaluation of intracranial vasculitis in tuberculous meningitis using magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging technique.

Background: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a global health problem with important complications such as acute infarcts secondary to vasculitis contributing to adverse outcomes. The objective of this study is to assess intracranial vasculitis in patients with TBM, either during their initial diagnosis or during follow-up while on standard antituberculous therapy.

Methods: Ten patients with TBM underwent magnetic resonance (MR) based vessel wall imaging (VWI) to identify intracranial vasculitis (five patients during their initial presentation and the other five patients during their follow-up visit).

Identifying the Stroke Mimics.

Individuals presenting with sudden and focal neurological findings are usually suspected to have stroke. However, there are other conditions that can simulate stroke, which are often referred to as stroke mimics. Awareness and understanding these stroke-like disorders are of extreme importance as the treatment of each of them might be variable.

Role of cerebrospinal fluid C-reactive protein in tuberculous meningitis.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is still a significant health problem worldwide. Central nervous system TB amounts to 10% of all cases of TB. Despite advances in the pharmacological management of TB, the overall outcomes remain poor with significant mortality and morbidity.

Identification of predictors of cerebrovascular infarcts in patients with tuberculous meningitis.

Background: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) remains common in developing countries. Cerebrovascular infarct (CI) in TBM occurs in 15%-57% of patients. Literature regarding the predictors of central nervous system (CNS) infarct in patients with TBM is scanty, and the outcome of these events is unknown.

The role of imaging in skull base osteomyelitis - Reviewed.

Purpose: Skull base osteomyelitis (SBO) is difficult to diagnose due to a wide array of clinical presentations. It can be life threatening if not treated promptly. The objective of this study is to identify the various neck spaces involved in skull base osteomyelitis, correlate them with the possible source of infection and identify the related complications.

Phosphoproteomic analysis reveals Akt isoform-specific regulation of cytoskeleton proteins in human temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis.

Akt is one of the most important downstream effectors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/mTOR pathway. Hyperactivation and expression of this pathway are seen in a variety of neurological disorders including human temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (TLE-HS). Nevertheless, the expression and activation profiles of the Akt isoforms, Akt1, Akt2, and Akt3 and their functional roles in human TLE-HS have not been studied.

Cerebrovascular injury in cryptococcal meningitis.

Background Cryptococcal meningitis continues to be one of the common causes of chronic central nervous system infection worldwide. Individuals with cryptococcal meningitis can occasionally present with small vessel vasculitis causing infarcts primarily in the basal ganglia, internal capsule, and thalamus. Literature regarding patterns of cerebrovascular injury among patients with cryptococcal meningitis is scanty, and outcome following these vascular involvements is unknown.

Sensory input from the moving hand influences saccadic eye movements during reading.

Reading involves saccadic eye movements. Measured reading time and the number of mistakes made while reading reflect the speed and accuracy of the saccades in target localization, if all other factors influencing these parameters are kept constant. The observed phenomenon that reading a book is easier when it is held in an individual's hand than when it is not, especially when movement of the reading text occurs while travelling in a vehicle, raises the question of the role of sensory input from the moving arms in guiding saccades in the direction in which the text is moved.