A multicentric case study of fibroblastic and myofibroblastic oral spindle cell lesions.

Context: Spindle cell lesions comprise a vast plethora of benign and malignant lesions with similar clinical and radiographic features. Their overlapping histopathologic features ensure a diagnostic dilemma.

Aim: The current multicentric study aims to delineate fibroblastic and myofibroblastic oral spindle cell lesions based on cytomorphology and comprehensive immunohistochemical analysis.

Digital microscopy: A routine mandate in future? A leaf out of Covid-19 pandemic laboratory experience.

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought out lot of changes among the way people and organisations function. It has also reduced social gatherings and hence social relations considerably, forcing people to adjust to new ways of work and life. An outstanding difference between the current COVID-19 pandemic and previous epidemics or pandemics is the increased availability and use of technology currently, which has been validated by various reports from across the globe.

Micrometastasis detection using modified papanicolaou stain in nodal tissues of oral squamous cell carcinoma - A histological study.

Context: Cervical lymph node metastasis is the most important prognostic factor in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck (SCCHN). Detection and evaluation of micro-metastasis forms the basis for diagnosis, staging, treatment options and prognosis. Lymph node prognostic factors are extremely important for the survival and recurrence in the patient.

Role of Nanozymes in Oral Cancer the Road Ahead.

Unlabelled: Oral cancer is a result of diverse interactions in the tumor microenvironment (TME), genetic alterations along with associated risk factors such as lifestyle and microbial infections. Various modalities are employed in the diagnosis and therapeutics of oral cancer. Nanozymes which are artificial enzymes have a great potential in the diagnostic and therapeutic approach of tumors.

Immunology of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma-A Comprehensive Insight with Recent Concepts.

This review aims to understand the concept of oral cancer immunology through the notion of immune profiling, immunoediting and immunotherapy, and to gain knowledge regarding its application for the management of oral cancer patients. Oral cancer is an immunogenic tumor where the cells of the tumor microenvironment play an important role in tumorigenesis. Understanding the mechanism of these modulations can help design immunotherapeutic strategies in oral cancer patients.

Nanopore Sequencing Technology in Oral Oncology: A Comprehensive Insight.

Aim: To review the principles and application of Nanopore Sequencing Technology (NPST) in oral cancer.

Background: Oral cancer is a disease caused by aberrations in the genes. Substantial research at the genomic level is still required for in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanism in oral cancer.

Cytogenetics in Oral Cancer: A Comprehensive Update.

Aim: To evaluate the application of cytogenetic techniques in determining the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics in oral cancer.

Background: Genetic aberrations that play an important role in oral oncogenesis demand substantial research for in-depth characterization of the tumor. Cytogenetic techniques have the potential to detect these aberrations.

Erosive Effect of Acidic Beverages and Dietary Preservatives on Extracted Human Teeth-An In Vitro Analysis.

Objectives:  Frequent consumption of acidic beverages and dietary preservatives in younger generation, diet-conscious (celebrities), and obese individuals have a rapid impact on demineralization of the teeth. An attempt was made to analyze the erosive potential of various acidic beverages.

Materials And Methods:  One hundred and ninety extracted human permanent teeth were sectioned longitudinally, pre-weighed, randomly grouped, and placed in nine acidic beverages (200 mL) with predetermined pH, i.

Role of cancer stem cells in head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma - A systematic review.

Targeting cancer stem cell (CSC) subpopulation within the tumor remains an obstacle for specific therapy in head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Few studies in the literature describe a panel of stem cell makers, however a distinct panel has not been put forth. This systematic review aims to enhance the knowledge of additional markers to accurately relate their expression to tumorigenesis, metastasis, and therapy resistance.

Natural stain () formulated by the extract of and slaked lime in histostaining of oral tissues: An observational study.

Background: The pharmacological actions of (wild turmeric) such as anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antifungal, antimicrobial and wound healing have been recognized since ages. However, its role as a natural histological stain has not been explored till date.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of natural substance- prepared from the extract of and slaked lime in staining the biopsied oral tissues.

Lipid metabolism in cancer: A systematic review.

Preclinical studies and clinical trials have emphasized the decisive role of lipid metabolism in tumor proliferation and metastasis. This systematic review aimed to explore the existing literature to evaluate the role and significance of the genes and pathways most commonly involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism in cancer. The literature search was performed as per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses.

P-Cadherin and WNT5A expression in assessment of lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Oral cancer progression is a multi-step process in which adhesion molecules play a pivotal role in the development of recurrent, invasive, and distant metastasis. The aim of this study was to adopt prognostic biomarkers to assess the lymph node metastasis of OSCC that will facilitate in deciding the treatment modality by the surgeons.

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to assess the biological behaviour of OSCC by correlating the expression levels of P-Cadherin and WNT5A immunohistochemically.

Immunohistochemical expression of Tazarotene-induced Gene 3 in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: The prognosis of hyperproliferative skin lesions, such as psoriasis, basal cell carcinoma, and non-melanoma skin cancers, is significantly benefited from the levels of tazarotene-induced gene-1 (TIG3) expression and subsequent treatment with tazarotene. Such observations suggest that TIG3 could be used as a biomarker for apoptosis, differentiation, and proliferation. The current study aimed to evaluate the expression of TIG3 in normal oral mucosa (NOM) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) compared with normal skin (NS) and skin squamous cell carcinoma (SSCC) using immunohistochemistry.

PECAM-1 overexpression signifies aggressive biologic behavior of oral lichen planus - A pilot study.

Context: The etiopathogenesis of oral lichen planus (OLP) is still debatable. According to literature, many studies have illustrated OLP as a T-cell-mediated chronic autoimmune disease. Currently, there is increased evidence of chronic inflammation in OLP and its association with vascular adhesion molecules (VAMs).

Does microbiome shift play a role in carcinogenesis? A systematic review.

Recent scientific advances have presented substantial evidence that there is a multifaceted relationship between the microbiome and cancer. Humans are hosts to multifarious microbial communities, and these resident microbes contribute to both health and disease. Circulating toxic metabolites from these resident microbes may contribute to the development and progression of cancer.

Cocktail of Periodic Acid-Schiff and Papanicolaou: Novel staining technique for the identification of leukemic eosinophils - A pilot study.

Background: Tissue eosinophilia may be caused due to reactive, neoplastic or idiopathic reasons. Reactive eosinophils in allergic and inflammatory conditions are transient and recruited from the circulation in response to various stimuli, whereas neoplastic eosinophils of leukemias and hematological malignancies are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. The differentiation of reactive from neoplastic eosinophils has a serious implication on the treatment and prognosis of diseases.

Expression of hTERT in Oral Submucous Fibrosis and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma - an Immunohistochemical Analysis.

Human telomerase reverse transcriptase enzyme, the catalytic subunit of telomerase are seen to be frequently reactivated in cancers including Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Increased hTERT expression have been seen in potentially malignant conditions including Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). The aim of the study was to evaluate the expression levels in OSMF, OSCC in the background of OSMF and OSCC using immunohistochemistry and also to correlate hTERT expression with clinicopathologic parameters.

Interleukin-1beta and Caspase-3 expression serve as independent prognostic markers for metastasis and survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: The Indian subcontinent has the highest incidence and prevalence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Inflammation and apoptosis are two emerging hall marks of cancer that might play a significant role in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Concurrent expression of proinflammatory cytokine (IL-1β) and executioner caspase (Caspase-3) in same OSCC tissue samples has not been reported in an Indian population.

Molecular pathways of oral cancer that predict prognosis and survival: A systematic review.

Several genes and pathways associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are significant in terms of early detection and prognosis. The objective of this literature review is to evaluate the current research on molecular pathways and genes involved in oral cancer. Articles on the genes involved in oral cancer pathways were evaluated to identify potential biomarkers that can predict survival.

Assessment of fragile histidine triad expression in ameloblastoma, odontogenic keratocyst and dentigerous cyst.

Background: FHIT (Fragile histidine triad) a member of tumor suppressor family, has been extensively studied in many solid tumors including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Among all head and neck cyst and tumors odontogenic lesions account approximately 3%-9%. The molecular pathogenesis of these lesions is less explored.

Stem Cell Markers SOX-2 and OCT-4 Enable to Resolve the Diagnostic Dilemma between Ameloblastic Carcinoma and Aggressive Solid Multicystic Ameloblastoma.

Background: Ameloblastic carcinoma (ACA) is a malignant neoplasm with overlapping histopathological features of benign aggressive solid multicystic ameloblastoma (SMA). This often leads to misdiagnosis with direct implication on the management protocol. The need of the hour is to adopt reliable tissue biomarkers to differentiate these lesions accurately that will help to implement an appropriate treatment modality.

Naturally Available Extracts Inhibiting Cancer Progression: A Systematic Review.

Aim: This systematic review is aimed at evaluating the literature on the efficacy of naturally available extracts that inhibit cancer.

Methods: A literature search was performed to strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology analysis. Approximately 3000 research articles were initially selected.

Possible Role of Bcl-2 Expression in Metastatic and Non Metastatic Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Introduction: Oral carcinoma is a global health problem. India accounts for one-third of world burden with high prevalence rate of 2.5 million and mortality rate of 5.

Biomarkers in Tumorigenesis Using Cancer Cell Lines: A Systematic Review.

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Despite many research advancements in the field, the genetic changes regulating the transformation of normal oral cells into malignant cells have not been fully elucidated. Several studies have evaluated carcinogenesis at the molecular level.