Physiological and morphological responses of green microalgae Chlorella vulgaris to silver nanoparticles.

The toxic effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the physiology and morphology of the green microalga Chlorella vulgaris were studied. AgNPs were characterized by particle size distribution, ζ potential measurement, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Chlorella vulgaris was exposed to 90-1440 μg/L of AgNPs range in Bold's Basal Medium for 96 h.

Toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis in aqueous suspension on the South American common frog Leptodactylus latrans (Anura: Leptodactylidae) tadpoles.

The effects of commercial formulations of Bacillus thuringiensisvar.israelensis (Bti) on non-target organisms are still a matter of debate; in amphibians, the risks of Bti are little known. To evaluate the toxicity of a commercial liquid (aqueous suspension, AS) formulation of Bti (Introban(®)) on Leptodactylus latrans tadpoles, including median lethal concentration (LC50) and no-and lowest-observed-effect concentrations (NOEC and LOEC, respectively), as well as the possible effects of Bti on oxidative responses, erythrocytes genotoxicity, and histology of the intestines.

Redox metabolism in Trypanosoma cruzi. Biochemical characterization of dithiol glutaredoxin dependent cellular pathways.

In Trypanosoma cruzi, the modification of thiols by glutathionylation-deglutathionylation and its potential relation to protective, regulatory or signaling functions have been scarcely explored. Herein we characterize a dithiolic glutaredoxin (TcrGrx), a redox protein with deglutathionylating activity, having potential functionality to control intracellular homeostasis of protein and non-protein thiols. The catalytic mechanism followed by TcrGrx was found dependent on thiol concentration.

Redox metabolism in Trypanosoma cruzi: functional characterization of tryparedoxins revisited.

Tryparedoxins (TXNs) are multipurpose oxidoreductases from trypanosomatids that transfer reducing equivalents from trypanothione to various thiol proteins. In Trypanosoma cruzi, two genes coding for TXN-like proteins have been identified: TXNI, previously characterized as a cytoplasmic protein, and TXNII, a putative tail-anchored membrane protein. In this work, we performed a comparative functional characterization of T.

Cloning, expression, and characterization of a dithiol glutaredoxin from Trypanosoma cruzi.

Glutaredoxins play an important role in cellular functionality. A putative dithiol glutaredoxin is encoded in the genome of Trypanosoma cruzi. We cloned the gene and obtained the recombinant protein, which behaved as a typical thioltransferase.

Purification and characterization of a glutathione reductase from Phaeodactylum tricornutum.

Glutathione reductase (E.C.1.