Description of the D4/D4 genotype in Miniature horses with dwarfism.

Four causative mutations (D1, D2, D3*, and D4) of chondrodysplastic dwarfism have been described in the equine () gene. Homozygotes for one of these mutations and heterozygotes for any combination of these mutations exhibit the disproportionate dwarfism phenotype. However, no case description of homozygotes for D4 (D4/D4) has been reported in the literature, to our knowledge.

Surgical Repair of an Occipital Meningocele in a Foal.

There are no previous reports of cranial meningocele in horses. In this report, we present the case of a 1-day-old male Quarter Horse that was born with a mass in the occipital region. The newborn was brought to the veterinary hospital, and a meningocele was diagnosed.

Hormonal and ultrasonographic characterization of the seasonal reproductive cycle of male and female .

Research concerning to characterize seasonal reproductive cycle in males and females of by ultrasound and hormonal measurement. Reproductive aspects (follicular and testicular cycles, and pregnancy) from 28 adult snakes (14 males and 14 females) during different months of the years were studied. Snakes housed individually in cages in an environment with controlled luminosity and humidity, and fed monthly.

Congenital deformity of the paw in a captive tiger: case report.

Background: The aim of this report was to describe the clinical signs, diagnostic approach, treatment and outcome in the case of a tiger with a deformity of the paw.

Case Presentation: A 1.5-year-old tiger (Panthera tigris) was presented with lameness of the left thoracic limb.

Pectus excavatum in two littermate dogs.

One male and 1 female, 8-week-old, schnauzer littermates were presented with moderate and mild pectus excavatum, respectively. External application of a coaptation splint to the ventral aspect of the thorax was used for correction of the sternal deformity in the male; conservative treatment was used in the female.