Increase in the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in Young Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objective: To describe the incidence of new onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) among children younger than 11 years old diagnosed during the COVID-19 pandemic (March 1, 2020-December 31, 2021) compared to those diagnosed during the pre-pandemic period (January 1, 2017-February 29, 2020) and to compare the metabolic parameters of those with T2D diagnosed before age 11 years with those diagnosed after age 11 years.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of youth <21 years with new onset T2D treated at Hasbro Children's Hospital between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2021. Patients diagnosed at age <11 years were compared to those ≥11 years.

Pathophysiology of Cystic Fibrosis Liver Disease.

Hepatobiliary complications of Cystic Fibrosis (CF) constitute a significant burden for persons with CF of all ages, with advanced CF liver disease in particular representing a leading cause of mortality. The causes of the heterogeneity of clinical manifestations, ranging from steatosis to focal biliary cholestasis and biliary strictures, are poorly understood and likely reflect a variety of environmental and disease-modifying factors in the setting of underlying CFTR mutations. This review summarizes the current understanding of the pathophysiology of hepatobiliary manifestations of CF, and discusses emerging disease models and therapeutic approaches that hold promise to impact this important yet incompletely addressed aspect of CF care.

Safety and Durability of Accelerated Infliximab Dosing Strategies in Pediatric IBD: A Single Center, Retrospective Study.

Objectives: Infliximab (IFX) is commonly used to treat children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We previously reported that patients with extensive disease started on IFX at a dose of 10 mg/kg had greater treatment durability at year one. The aim of this follow-up study is to assess the long-term safety and durability of this dosing strategy in pediatric IBD.

Incidence, Severity, and Presentation of Type 2 Diabetes in Youth During the First and Second Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objective: To describe the evolving impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the incidence and presentation of new-onset pediatric type 2 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: Retrospective medical record review of youth with new-onset type 2 diabetes comparing the prepandemic period (1 January 2017-29 February 2020) with the first (1 March 2020-31 December 2020) and second pandemic year (1 January 2021-31 December 2021).

Results: The annualized incidence of type 2 diabetes increased nearly threefold during the pandemic versus prior, with a 61% increase in the 2nd versus 1st year.