Genome-wide copy number variation regions in indigenous (Bos indicus) cattle breeds of Tamil Nadu, India.

Objective: Identification of large scale structural polymorphisms (Copy number variations) of more than 50 bp between the individuals of a species would help in knowing genetic diversity, phenotypic variability, adaptability to tropical environment and disease resistance.

Methods: Read depth-based method implemented in CNVnator was used for calling copy number variant regions on sequenced data obtained from WGS from 15 pooled samples belonging to five draught cattle breeds of Tamil Nadu.

Results: A total of 11,605 CNV regions (CNVRs) were observed covering a genome size of 18.

Protective Effect of Minimally Invasive Approach on Postoperative Peak Transaminase Following Liver Resection: A Single-Center Propensity Score-Based Analysis.

Background: Postoperative serum ALT levels are one of the most frequently used marker to detect liver tissue damage following liver resection. The aim of this study was to evaluate if minimally invasive liver surgery (MILS) may result in less hepatic injury than open hepatectomy by assessing the differences of postoperative ALT levels.

Methods: Patients who underwent MILS between 2009 and 2019 at our unit were included and compared with open liver resections.

Comparative evaluation of hard and soft tissue parameters by using short implants and standard long implants with sinus lift for prosthetic rehabilitation of posterior maxilla.

Objective: The objective is to compare and evaluate the hard and soft tissue parameters by using short and standard long implants with sinus lifting in the posterior maxilla.

Materials And Methods: Eleven patients with complaints of missing upper back teeth were enrolled in the study for implant-supported rehabilitation and were categorized into two groups: Group long (GL): longer implant (>8 mm) placement, preceded by Sinus Augmentation. Group short (GS): short implant (≤8 mm) placement, without sinus augmentation.

Unmasking the Hidden Invader: A case report of chest wall tuberculosis presenting as an abscess.

Chest wall tuberculosis is a very rare clinical entity that accounts for 1-5% of musculoskeletal tuberculosis (TB). Here we present a case of chest wall TB. A 16-year-old boy presented with complaints of progressive increasing swelling over the right hemithorax following a history of trauma.

Delineating the Spectrum of Pituitary Adenoma Based on the WHO 2017 Classification.

Background: The WHO 2017 classification of endocrine tumors incorporates lineage-specific transcription factors (TF) and hormone expression for the classification of pituitary adenoma (PA). There is paucity of reports describing the spectrum of PA based on this classification.

Objective: The aim of this study was to delineate the spectrum of PA based on WHO 2017 classification of endocrine tumors.

The Impact of Mutational Status on Long-Term Survival following Liver Resection for Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma.

mutation is reportedly associated with poor prognosis in patients with different cancer types. However, mutational data on hilar cholangiocarcinoma are few and controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of mutations in a single-center homogeneous population resected for hilar cholangiocarcinoma and the subsequent impact on prognosis.

Probable Dexmedetomidine Induced Diabetes Insipidus: A Case Review.

: Despite increased use of dexmedetomidine as a light sedative in the ICU setting, diabetes insipidus (DI) secondary to a dexmedetomidine infusion has rarely been reported. : We present a 32-year-old male admitted to the surgical intensive care unit (ICU) with 50% total body surface area burn. A short time following initiation (0.

Consensus-based approach to develop a measurement framework and identify a core set of indicators to track implementation and progress towards effective coverage of facility-based Kangaroo Mother Care.

Background: As efforts to scale up the delivery of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) in facilities are increasing, a standardized approach to measure implementation and progress towards effective coverage is needed. Here, we describe a consensus-based approach to develop a measurement framework and identify a core set of indicators for monitoring facility-based KMC that would be feasible to measure within existing systems.

Methods: The KMC measurement framework and core list of indicators were developed through: 1) scoping exercise to identify potential indicators through literature review and requests from researchers and program implementers; and 2) face-to-face consultations with KMC and measurement experts working at country and global levels to review candidate indicators and finalize selection and definitions.

Community based kangaroo mother care for low birth weight babies: A pilot study.

Background & Objectives: Kangaroo mother care (KMC - early continuous skin-to-skin contact between mother and infants) has been recommended as an alternative care for low birth weight infants. There is limited evidence in our country on KMC initiated at home. The present study was undertaken to study acceptability of KMC in different community settings.

Characteristics of Postpartum Depression in Anand District, Gujarat, India.

Characteristics of postpartum depression (PPD) in Anand District, Gujarat, India. PPD affects 1 in 10 women in the developed world. It has been implicated as an independent factor with adverse effect on child health, and health care-seeking behavior of mothers.

Erythrocyte Protoporphyrin Fluorescence as a Biomarker to Monitor the Anticancer Effect of Semecarpus Anacardium in DMBA Induced Mammary Carcinoma Rat Model.

Endogenous fluorescence has been proposed as a means of aiding the diagnosis of various malignancies. It has been suggested that erythrocytes may be the carriers of fluorophors that accumulate in cancer tissue and may be useful in the diagnosis and treatment of malignancies. Hence, the present study was designed to explore the spectrofluorimetric analysis of blood components as a marker for the analysis of mammary carcinoma treatment and also to bring about the protective effect of the drug Semecarpus anacardium on oxidative stress mediated damage of erythrocytes.

Prediction of sugar yields during hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass using artificial neural network modeling.

The present investigation was carried out to study application of ANN as a tool for predicting sugar yields of pretreated biomass during hydrolysis process at various time intervals. Since it is known that biomass loading and particle size influences the rheology and mass transfer during hydrolysis process, these two parameters were chosen for investigating the efficiency of hydrolysis. Alkali pretreated rice straw was used as the model feedstock in this study and biomass loadings were varied from 10% to 18%.

Evaluation of polymeric adsorbent resins for efficient detoxification of liquor generated during acid pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass.

Production of fuel ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass conventionally includes biomass pretreatment, hydrolysis, and fermentation. The liquor generated during dilute acid pretreatment of biomass contains considerable quantities of pentose sugars as well as various degradation products of sugars and lignin, like furfural, hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF), organic acids, aldehydes and others, which are known to be inhibitory for microbial growth. This pentose rich liquor is a potent resource which can be used to produce alcohol or other value added metabolites by microbial fermentation.

Protective effect on normal brain tissue during a combinational therapy of 2-deoxy-d-glucose and hypofractionated irradiation in malignant gliomas.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), an inhibitor of glucose transport and glycolysis, on glioblastoma and the normal brain tissue during combined treatment with hypofractionated radiotherapy.

Materials And Methods: Twenty patients with malignant gliomas (18 Glioblastoma Multiformae, 2 Anasplastic Astrocytoma grade III) following surgery were treated weekly (once) with 2-DG, (250 mg/kg body weight), followed by 5 Gy of radiation to the tumor bed per fraction for 7 weeks. Clinical evaluation, complete hemogram, and random blood sugar levels were carried out in each cycle.

A novel surfactant-assisted ultrasound pretreatment of sugarcane tops for improved enzymatic release of sugars.

The aim of this study was to develop a novel surfactant-assisted ultrasound pretreatment of sugarcane tops as well as to optimize the effect of various operational parameters on pretreatment and hydrolysis. A novel surfactant-assisted ultrasound pretreatment was developed which could effectively remove hemicelluloses and lignin and improve the reducing sugar yield from sugarcane tops. Operational parameters for pretreatment and hydrolysis were studied and optimized.

An evaluation of chemical pretreatment methods for improving enzymatic saccharification of chili postharvest residue.

Residue of chili plants left in the field after harvesting is a major lignocellulosic resource that is underexploited. India has over 0.6 million tons of this residue available as surplus annually which projects it as a potent feedstock for conversion to bioethanol.

Energy requirement for alkali assisted microwave and high pressure reactor pretreatments of cotton plant residue and its hydrolysis for fermentable sugar production for biofuel application.

In the present work, alkali assisted microwave pretreatment (AAMP) of cotton plant residue (CPR) with high pressure reactor pretreatment was compared. Further, modeling of AAMP was attempted. AAMP, followed by enzymatic saccharification was evaluated and the critical parameters were identified to be exposure time, particle size and enzyme loading.

Surfactant-assisted acid pretreatment of sugarcane tops for bioethanol production.

Sugarcane tops is one of the largest biomass resources in India and in tropical countries such as Brazil in terms of surplus availability. Conversion of this feedstock to ethanol requires pretreatment to make it more accessible for the enzymes used in saccharification. Though several pretreatment regimens have been developed for addressing biomass recalcitrance, very few seem to be promising as an industrial process.

Pathological spectrum of neuronal/glioneuronal tumors from a tertiary referral neurological Institute.

Neuronal/glioneuronal tumors are uncommon neoplasms of the CNS with frequent association with refractory epilepsy. Reports documenting the entire spectrum of neuronal/glioneuronal tumors are scarce in the literature. Zulch et al.

Tubular aggregate myopathy: a phenotypic spectrum and morphological study.

Tubular aggregates (TAs) are inclusions described in skeletal muscle in a variety of disorders. In a retrospective analysis, TAs were found in 18 (0.24%) cases and involved a spectrum of clinical phenotypes.

Continuing medical education on antiretroviral therapy in HIV/AIDS in India: needs assessment and impact on clinicians and allied health personnel.

Background: Clinicians and associated health professionals charged with prescribing antiretroviral therapy (ART) deal with continuously evolving new drugs and combinations. To meet the needs of clinicians in India for ongoing education in this field, continuing medical education (CME) programmes on ART for HIV/AIDS were developed, conducted, evaluated and revised. Over a 2-year period, 2005-2007, 3 CME programmes for ART were conducted for physicians and a fourth (predominantly) for paediatricians.

Anxiety and depression in hyperemesis gravidarum: prevalence, risk factors and correlation with clinical severity.

Objective: To evaluate prevalence, risk factors and clinical severity correlates of anxiety and depression caseness in hyperemesis gravidarum (HG).

Study Design: A prospective study of self-assessment using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was performed. Women at their first hospitalization for HG were recruited as soon as possible after hospital admission.

Late onset glycogen storage disease type II with reducing body-like inclusions.

Skeletal muscle tissue from 3 patients with clinical diagnosis of limb girdle muscular dystrophy revealed a vacuolar myopathy with glycogen storage and lysosomal activity. A diagnosis of late onset GSD Type II was considered. An interesting finding was the presence of round to oval eosinophilic inclusions which reduced on menadione linked a-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (MAG).

Intravenous salbutamol for external cephalic version.

Objective: To evaluate the success of external cephalic version (ECV) using an adjusted bolus dose of intravenous salbutamol compared with no tocolysis.

Methods: An open-label randomized study of 114 women with a term breech fetus randomized to receive either an intravenous bolus dose of 0.1 mg salbutamol with further boluses every 5 minutes, as required, before commencing ECV, or no tocolysis.