Vacuum characteristics of the sucking cycle and relationships with milk removal from the breast in term infants.

Background: The importance of an infant's intra-oral vacuum in milk removal from the breast has been established. However, the relationship between the vacuum curve and milk transfer is not well understood.

Aims: To investigate the parameters of the infant suck cycle in relation to the volume of milk removed from the breast.

Evidence of improved milk intake after frenotomy: a case report.

Ankyloglossia (tongue tie) is a well-recognized cause of breastfeeding difficulties and, if untreated, can cause maternal nipple pain and trauma, ineffective feeding, and poor infant weight gain. In some cases, this condition will result in a downregulation of the maternal milk supply. Milk-production measurements (24-hour) for a breastfeeding infant with ankyloglossia revealed the ineffective feeding of the infant (78 mL/24 hours), and a low milk supply (350 mL/24 hours) was diagnosed.