Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and the noncytomegalovirus herpesviruses.

Although hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and other cellular therapies have significantly improved outcomes in the management of multiple hematological and nonhematological malignancies, the resulting impairment in humoral and cellular response increases the risk for opportunistic infection as an undesirable side effect. With their ability to establish latent infection and reactivate when the host immune system is at its weakest point, the Herpesviridae family constitutes a significant proportion of these opportunistic pathogens. Despite recent advancements in preventing and managing herpesvirus infections, they continue to be a common cause of significant morbidity and mortality in transplanted patients.

Miliary pattern pulmonary infiltrates in a diabetic patient: Coccidioidomycosis.

This is a case of miliary coccidioidomycosis. This case illustrates the importance of early suspicion for coccidioidomycosis in patients from an endemic area. Early identification and recognition of the disease are important to attain early therapy and disease control.