A survey of skin tone assessment in prospective research.

Increasing evidence supports reduced accuracy of noninvasive assessment tools, such as pulse oximetry, temperature probes, and AI skin diagnosis benchmarks, in patients with darker skin tones. The FDA is exploring potential strategies for device regulation to improve performance across diverse skin tones by including skin tone criteria. However, there is no consensus about how prospective studies should perform skin tone assessment in order to take this bias into account.

Socioeconomic Status, Biological Aging, and Memory in a Diverse National Sample of Older US Men and Women.

Background And Objectives: Exposure to socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with early-onset cognitive aging. Biological aging, the progressive loss of system integrity that occurs as we age, is proposed as a modifiable process mediating this health inequality. We examined whether socioeconomic disparities in cognitive aging in mid-to late-life adults is explained by accelerated biological aging similarly across race, ethnicity, and sex/gender.

GLP-1 receptor signaling in the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus attenuates cocaine seeking by activating GABAergic circuits that project to the VTA.

An emerging preclinical literature suggests that targeting central glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors (GLP-1Rs) may represent a novel approach to treating cocaine use disorder. However, the exact neural circuits and cell types that mediate the suppressive effects of GLP-1R agonists on cocaine-seeking behavior are largely unknown. The laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDTg) expresses GLP-1Rs and functions as a neuroanatomical hub connecting the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), the primary source of central GLP-1, with midbrain and forebrain nuclei known to regulate cocaine-seeking behavior.

Activation of GLP-1 receptors attenuates oxycodone taking and seeking without compromising the antinociceptive effects of oxycodone in rats.

Despite the effectiveness of current medications to treat opioid use disorder, there is still a high rate of relapse following detoxification. Thus, there is critical need for innovative studies aimed at identifying novel neurobiological mechanisms that could be targeted to treat opioid use disorder. A growing body of preclinical evidence indicates that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists reduce drug reinforcement.