Brazilian guideline for the use of immunobiologicals in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps ‒ 2024 update.

Introduction: Biologics targeting type 2 inflammation have revolutionized the way we treat patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps (CRSwNP). Particularly in severe and difficult-to-control cases, these drugs have provided a new reality for these patients, allowing for the effective and safe treatment of extensive diseases that were not completely managed with the typical strategy of surgery and topical medications.

Objectives: The experience achieved with the approval of these medications by ANVISA for use in CRSwNP and the knowledge obtained regarding outcomes, adverse effects, and the ideal patient profile prompted the update of the previously published guideline, with a detailed review of the most recent scientific literature, the personal experiences of experts, and the adaptation to the reality of the Brazilian healthcare system, both public and private.

Association of interleukin 22 receptor subunit alpha 1 gene polymorphisms with chronic rhinosinusitis.

Introduction: Chronic rhinosinusitis is a multifactorial disease whose pathogenesis, influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, is still unclear. Previous genetic studies have shown that patients with chronic rhinosinusitis have reduced expression of the Interleukin-22 (IL-22) gene.

Objective: Identify and compare the frequency of polymorphisms in the IL22RA1 gene (IL22 alpha-1 subunit receptor) among chronic rhinosinusitis patients - either with or without nasal polyps.

Polymorphisms in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps - a systematic review.

Introduction: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps is a multifactorial disease with a complex pathophysiology involving multiple genetic and environmental factors.

Objective: The purpose of this work review is to focus on the importance of genetic studies in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps besides the several barriers that exists for its understanding.

Methods: A systematic review on studies of association between single nucleotide polymorphisms and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps based on a PubMed/Medline and Periódicos CAPES search of all articles published between January 2005 and January 2015 was made.