Odontogenic parakeratinized cyst resulting in exophthalmos and palatine, maxillary, and zygomatic bone erosion in a dog.

A novel case of a canine odontogenic parakeratinized cyst (COPC) that resulted in exophthalmos and palatine, maxillary, and zygomatic bone erosion in a 5-year-old Chihuahua dog is reported. Final diagnosis was aided by cross-sectional imaging (magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography) and confirmed with histologic examination of the cyst wall.

Golden retriever cystic uveal disease: a longitudinal study of iridociliary cysts, pigmentary uveitis, and pigmentary/cystic glaucoma over a decade in western Canada.

Objectives: To determine the incidence of iridociliary cysts, pigmentary uveitis (PU)/pigmentary cystic glaucoma (PCG) in golden retriever dogs in western Canada, the progression of iridociliary cysts to PU/PCG, and a mode of inheritance for this disorder.

Animal Studied: A total of 830 golden retriever dogs from Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba from 2004 to 2014 were studied.

Procedure: Data were compiled from Canine Eye Registry Foundation (CERF) or Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA) records (n = 630) and clinical consultations (n = 200) for a retrospective assessment of iridociliary cysts, PU, and PCG.

Sfrp1a and Sfrp5 function as positive regulators of Wnt and BMP signaling during early retinal development.

Axial patterning of the developing eye is critically important for proper axonal pathfinding as well as for key morphogenetic events, such as closure of the optic fissure. The dorsal retina is initially specified by the actions of Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling, with such identity subsequently maintained by the Wnt-β catenin pathway. Using zebrafish as a model system, we demonstrate that Secreted frizzled-related protein 1a (Sfrp1a) and Sfrp5 work cooperatively to pattern the retina along the dorso-ventral axis.

Hmx4 regulates Sonic hedgehog signaling through control of retinoic acid synthesis during forebrain patterning.

Mutations in H6-homeobox (HMX) genes are linked to neural mispatterning and neural tube closure defects in humans. We demonstrate that zebrafish Hmx4 regulates the signaling of two morphogens critical for neural development, retinoic acid (RA) and Sonic hedgehog (Shh). Hmx4-depleted embryos have a strongly narrowed eye field and reduced forebrain Shh target gene expression.