Dose-response effects of insulin glargine in type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To determine the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic dose-response effects of insulin glargine administered subcutaneously in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: Twenty obese type 2 diabetic individuals (10 male and 10 female, aged 50 +/- 3 years, with BMI 36 +/- 2 kg/m(2) and A1C 8.3 +/- 0.

The role of glimepiride in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Importance Of The Field: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasingly prevalent throughout the world; controlling glycemia is an important part of preventing serious complications of diabetes. Sulfonylureas have been used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes for many years.

Areas Covered In This Review: This article reviews the pharmacological and clinical aspects of glimepiride, a second-generation sulfonylurea.

Effects of differing antecedent increases of plasma cortisol on counterregulatory responses during subsequent exercise in type 1 diabetes.

Objective: Antecedent hypoglycemia can blunt neuroendocrine and autonomic nervous system responses to next-day exercise in type 1 diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine whether antecedent increase of plasma cortisol is a mechanism responsible for this finding.

Research Design And Methods: For this study, 22 type 1 diabetic subjects (11 men and 11 women, age 27 +/- 2 years, BMI 24 +/- 1 kg/m(2), A1C 7.

Effects of intensive therapy and antecedent hypoglycemia on counterregulatory responses to hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes.

Objective: The physiology of counterregulatory responses during hypoglycemia in intensively treated type 2 diabetic subjects is largely unknown. Therefore, the specific aims of the study tested the hypothesis that 1) 6 months of intensive therapy to lower A1C <7.0% would blunt autonomic nervous system (ANS) responses to hypoglycemia, and 2) antecedent hypoglycemia will result in counterregulatory failure during subsequent hypoglycemia in patients with suboptimal and good glycemic control.

Effects of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine on counterregulatory responses to hypoglycemia in individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Objective: Previous work has demonstrated that chronic administration of the serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine augments counterregulatory responses to hypoglycemia in healthy humans. However, virtually no information exists regarding the effects of fluoxetine on integrated physiological counterregulatory responses during hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes. Therefore, the specific aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that 6-week use of the SSRI fluoxetine would amplify autonomic nervous system (ANS) counterregulatory responses to hypoglycemia in individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Effects of oral carbohydrate on autonomic nervous system counterregulatory responses during hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia and euglycemia.

The effects of oral carbohydrate on modulating counterregulatory responses in humans remain undecided. This study's specific aim was to determine the effects of oral carbohydrate on autonomic nervous system (ANS) and neuroendocrine responses during hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia and euglycemia. Nineteen healthy volunteers were studied during paired, single blind experiments.

Effects of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, fluoxetine, on counterregulatory responses to hypoglycemia in healthy individuals.

Objective: Hypoglycemia commonly occurs in intensively-treated diabetic patients. Repeated hypoglycemia blunts counterregulatory responses, thereby increasing the risk for further hypoglycemic events. Currently, physiologic approaches to augment counterregulatory responses to hypoglycemia have not been established.

Type 1 diabetes: exercise and hypoglycemia.

The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial demonstrated that tight control of diabetes management greatly reduces the risk of microvascular complications of diabetes. Unfortunately, tight control of blood glucose can also result in hypoglycemia, especially in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). It is now widely recognized that antecedent hypoglycemia can blunt neuroendocrine, autonomic nervous system (ANS), and metabolic counterregulatory responses to subsequent hypoglycemia.

Role of inhaled human insulin in the management of Type 1 and 2 diabetes.

Inhaled human insulin (Exubera) has been approved by the FDA and other regulatory bodies for treatment in Type 1 and 2 diabetes in the USA. It is the first alternative to injectable insulin since the discovery of the insulin compound to treat diabetes. This article will review results of recent clinical studies that support the therapeutic efficacy and safety of inhalable insulin for use in patients with diabetes.