Characterisation and tanning effects of purified chestnut and sulfited quebracho extracts.

Unlabelled: Vegetable tannins are environmentally friendly tanning agents. However, they generally impart a dark colour to the tanned leather and highly contribute to the organic load in wastewaters. In this study, we employed a purification protocol separately on chestnut tannin (CT) and sulfited quebracho tannin (QT) to obtain the purified fractions (PCT and PQT).

May 1,3,5-Triazine derivatives be the future of leather tanning? A critical review.

Leather is produced by a multi-step process among which the tanning phase is the most relevant, transforming animal skin collagen into a stable, non-putrescible material used to produce a variety of different goods, for the footwear, automotive, garments, and sports industry. Most of the leather produced today is tanned with chromium (III) salts or alternatively with aldehydes or synthetic tannins, generating high environmental concern. Over the years, high exhaustion tanning systems have been developed to reduce the environmental impact of chromium salts, which nevertheless do not avoid the use of metals.

Plastics today: Key challenges and EU strategies towards carbon neutrality: A review.

Never as today the need for collaborative interactions between industry, the scientific community, NGOs, policy makers and citizens has become crucial for the development of shared political choices and protection of the environment, for the safeguard of future generations. The complex socio-economic and environmental interconnections that underlie the EU strategy of the last years, within the framework of the Agenda 2030 and the green deal, often create perplexity and confusion that make difficult to outline the definition of a common path to achieve carbon neutrality and "net zero emissions" by 2050. Scope of this work is to give a general overview of EU policies, directives, regulations, and laws concerning polymers and plastic manufacturing, aiming to reduce plastic pollution, allowing for a better understanding of the implications that environmental concern and protection may generate from a social-economical point of view.

Agri-Food Wastes for Bioplastics: European Prospective on Possible Applications in Their Second Life for a Circular Economy.

Agri-food wastes (such as brewer's spent grain, olive pomace, residual pulp from fruit juice production, etc.) are produced annually in very high quantities posing a serious problem, both environmentally and economically. These wastes can be used as secondary starting materials to produce value-added goods within the principles of the circular economy.

Sustainable triazine-derived quaternary ammonium salts as antimicrobial agents.

The first examples of highly efficient antimicrobial triazine-derived bis imidazolium quaternary ammonium salts (TQAS) are reported. TQAS have been prepared with an easy, atom efficient, economically sustainable strategy and tested as antimicrobial agents, reaching MIC values below 10 mg L. Distinctively, TQAS have low MIC and low cytotoxicity.

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Bis-morpholine Triazine Quaternary Ammonium Salts.

Efficient, environmentally and economically sustainable, and nontoxic antibacterial products are of global relevance in the fight against microorganism contamination. In this work, an easy and straightforward method for the synthesis of bis-morpholino triazine quaternary ammonium salts (bis-mTQAS) is reported, starting from 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine or 2,4-dichloro-6-methoxy-1,3,5-triazine and various N-alkylmorpholines. Bis-mTQAS were tested as antimicrobials against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains.

Efficient Triazine Derivatives for Collagenous Materials Stabilization.

Nowadays, the need to reduce plastic waste and scantly biodegradable fossil-based products is of great importance. The use of leather as an alternative to synthetic materials is gaining renewed interest, but it is fundamental that any alternative to plastic-based materials should not generate an additional environmental burden. In the present work, a simple protocol for collagen stabilization mediated by 2-chloro-4,6-diethoxy-1,3,5-triazine (CDET) and a -amine has been described.

Sustainable Triazine-Based Dehydro-Condensation Agents for Amide Synthesis.

Conventional methods employed today for the synthesis of amides often lack of economic and environmental sustainability. Triazine-derived quaternary ammonium salts, e.g.

Development of 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methyl-morpholinium chloride cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose films.

First example of the use of 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methyl-morpholinium chloride (DMTMM) as cross-linking agent for the development of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) films for food packaging is reported. Influence of different wt % of DMTMM and glycerol on the physical-mechanical properties of CMC films was investigated. The presence of DMTMM effectively improved moisture uptake, moisture content, water vapour permeability, water solubility of the films, oil resistance together with good biodegradability.

Polyamidoamide Dendrimers and Cross-Linking Agents for Stabilized Bioenzymatic Resistant Metal-Free Bovine Collagen.

The work reports the use of polyamidoamine dendrimers (PAMAM) and a cross-linking agent, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide/-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS) or 4-(4,6-dimethoxy[1,3,5]triazin-2-yl)-4-methyl-morpholinium chloride (DMTMM), for the thermal stabilization of dermal bovine collagen. The efficiency of EDC/NHS/PAMAM and DMTMM/PAMAM in the cross-linking of collagen is correlated to the increase of the collagen shrinkage temperature (Ts), measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). An alternative enzymatic protocol was adopted to measure the degradability of EDC/NHS/PAMAM tanned hides; these data are correlated to the thermal stability values measured by DSC.