Application of the solid-state fermentation process and its variations in PHA production: a review.

Solid-state fermentation (SSF) is a type of fermentation process with potential to use agro-industrial by-products as a carbon source. Nonetheless, there are few studies evaluating SSF compared to submerged fermentation (SmF) to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). Different methodologies are available associating the two processes.

The addition of residue from pruning of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) in laying hens modulates fatty acid profile and incorporates chlorogenic acid in the egg.

This study aimed to determine whether the addition of Ilex paraguariensis residue to the basal diet of laying hens improves bird health, production, fatty acids, egg quality, and transfer of chlorogenic acids to the egg. One hundred twenty birds of the Hy-line lineage were used, divided into five groups with six replicates and four birds per replicate, as follows: T0 (control group, without IPPR supplementation), T0.5 (basal diet plus 0.

Development of ELISA Using Recombinant Proteins for the Diagnosis of Infection.

In order to develop a more sensitive and reliable method for detection of serum antibodies against infection in pigs, six recombinant proteins of (P102, P95, P46, P97 like, Lppt, and hypothetical P987) were used for the standardization of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The proteins were evaluated against 50 sera of the specific pathogen-free and 50 sera of pigs with lesions suggestive of infection. The sensitivity was 88%, 86%, 78%, 74%, 66%, and 60% for the proteins P102, P95, P46, P97 like, Lppt, and hypothetical protein P987, respectively.

Multivariate optimization results in an edible extract from unexplored residues with a high amount of phenolic compounds.

A. St. Hil.

Lipid oxidation and sensory characterization of Omega-3 rich buffalo burgers enriched with chlorogenic acids from the mate (Ilex paraguariensis) tree harvesting residues.

A freeze-dried extract from the bark of mate branches (BMBE) containing high chlorogenic acids (CGA) content (30 g 100 g) was produced. Then, chia oil was mixed with 7.5% BMBE and sonicated for 0, 10, and 20 min.

Characterization and quantification of bioactive compounds from Ilex paraguariensis residue by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS from plants cultivated under different cultivation systems.

Ilex paraguariensis is a perennial plant used in the production of mate tea, "chimarrão" and "tererê," cosmetics, and other food products. Its leaves are harvested every 12 or 18 months. Approximately 2 to 5 tons of residue are generated per hectare during the harvest.

Transcriptome Analysis Identifies Candidate Target Genes Involved in Glyphosate-Resistance Mechanism in .

Italian ryegrass (; LOLMU) is one of the most troublesome weeds in temperate regions in the world. This weed species interfere with wheat, corn, rye, and oat, causing significant crop yield losses. This species has evolved glyphosate resistance, making it difficult to control.

The postharvest ripening of strawberry fruits induced by abscisic acid and sucrose differs from their in vivo ripening.

In this study, we compared the chemical composition of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) fruits that were ripened in vivo (attached to plant) to those ripened during postharvest storage. The effects of the application of abscisic acid (ABA) and sucrose on the postharvest ripening were also evaluated. The results suggested that the postharvest ripening process was dependent on the signal triggered by ABA and differed from in vivo ripening, resulting in fruits with altered chemical composition and firmness.

Untargeted metabolomics of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa 'Camarosa') fruit from plants grown under osmotic stress conditions.

Background: Plants activate defense mechanisms to cope with adverse environmental conditions, leading to the accumulation and / or depletion of general and specialized metabolites. In this study, a multiplatform untargeted metabolomics strategy was employed to evaluate metabolic changes in strawberry fruit of cv. Camarosa grown under osmotic stress conditions.

Transcriptomic Analysis Identifies New Non-Target Site Glyphosate-Resistance Genes in .

(hairy fleabane) is one of the most problematic and widespread glyphosate-resistant weeds in the world. This highly competitive weed species significantly interferes with crop growth and substantially decreases crop yield. Despite its agricultural importance, the molecular mechanisms of glyphosate resistance are still unknown.

Presence of genes associated with adhesion, invasion, and toxin production in Campylobacter jejuni isolates and effect of temperature on their expression.

The aims of this study were to evaluate the presence of genes associated with adhesion (cadF), invasion (ciaB), and cytotoxin production (cdtA, cdtB, and cdtC) among Campylobacter jejuni isolates from a poultry slaughterhouse and to investigate the effect of different temperatures on the expression of these virulence-associated genes. A total of 88 C. jejuni isolates from cecum, liver, chicken carcasses, chilled water, and scalding water were submitted to PCR assay for detection of virulence genes.

Transcriptome analysis of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) fruits under osmotic stresses and identification of genes related to ascorbic acid pathway.

Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) is an economically important fruit with a high demand owing to its good taste and medicinal properties. However, its cultivation is affected by various biotic and abiotic stresses.

Local and systemic immune responses induced by a recombinant chimeric protein containing Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae antigens fused to the B subunit of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin LTB.

A multi-antigen chimera composed of three antigens of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (R1, P42, and NrdF) and the mucosal adjuvant Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit (LTB) was constructed, and its antigenic and immunogenic properties were evaluated in mice and pigs. In addition, we compared the effect of the fusion and co-administration of these proteins in mice. Antibodies against each subunit recognized the chimeric protein.

Micronutrient and functional compounds biofortification of maize grains.

Maize, in addition to being the main staple food in many countries, is used in the production of hundreds of products. It is rich in compounds with potential benefits to health, such as carotenoids, phenolic compounds, vitamin E, and minerals that act as cofactors for antioxidant enzymes. Many of these compounds have been neglected thus far in the scientific literature.

Identifying microRNAs and transcript targets in Jatropha seeds.

MicroRNAs, or miRNAs, are endogenously encoded small RNAs that play a key role in diverse plant biological processes. Jatropha curcas L. has received significant attention as a potential oilseed crop for the production of renewable oil.

Carotenoid biosynthetic and catabolic pathways: gene expression and carotenoid content in grains of maize landraces.

Plant carotenoids have been implicated in preventing several age-related diseases, and they also provide vitamin A precursors; therefore, increasing the content of carotenoids in maize grains is of great interest. It is not well understood, however, how the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway is regulated. Fortunately, the maize germplasm exhibits a high degree of genetic diversity that can be exploited for this purpose.

Selection of reliable reference genes for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction studies in maize grains.

The stability of candidate reference genes was evaluated in maize landrace varieties and during multiple grain developmental stages to evaluate the expression of carotenoid-related genes by RT-qPCR for application to maize biofortification. Vitamin A deficiency affects millions of children worldwide; therefore, increasing the content of vitamin A precursors in maize grains is of interest. The study of the expression of genes involved in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway in maize grains has provided useful information for metabolic engineering approaches.

Recombinant secreted antigens from Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae delivered as a cocktail vaccine enhance the immune response of mice.

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the etiological agent of porcine enzootic pneumonia (EP), which is a respiratory disease responsible for huge economic losses in the pig industry worldwide. The commercially available vaccines provide only partial protection and are expensive. Thus, the development of alternatives for the prophylaxis of EP is critical for improving pig health.