Distinct Reproductive Phenotypes Segregate With Differences in Body Weight in Adolescent Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogenous clinical syndrome defined by hyperandrogenism and irregular menses. In adult women with PCOS, discrete metabolic and reproductive subgroups have been identified. We hypothesize that distinct phenotypes can be distinguished between adolescent girls who are lean (LN-G) and girls with obesity (OB-G) at the time of PCOS diagnosis.

Two-part vowel modifications in Child Directed Speech in Warlpiri may enhance child attention to speech and scaffold noun acquisition.

Study 1 compared vowels in Child Directed Speech (CDS; child ages 25-46 months) to vowels in Adult Directed Speech (ADS) in natural conversation in the Australian Indigenous language Warlpiri, which has three vowels (/i/, /a/, /u). Study 2 compared the vowels of the child interlocutors from Study 1 to caregiver ADS and CDS. Study 1 indicates that Warlpiri CDS vowels are characterised by fronting, /a/-lowering, -raising, and increased duration, but not vowel space expansion.

Relationship of Aboriginal family wellbeing to social and cultural determinants, Central Australia: 'Waltja tjutangku nyakunytjaku'.

Objective: The objective of this study was to apply a strength-based approach to examine the relation of cultural and social determinants to high family functioning for Aboriginal people in Central Australia.

Design: Cross-sectional study involving a quantitative analysis of survey data. Prevalence rate ratios (PRs) and 95% CIs were calculated from binomial regressions, adjusted for gender and age.

DOCK4 Regulation of Rho GTPases Mediates Pulmonary Vascular Barrier Function.

Background: The vascular endothelium maintains tissue-fluid homeostasis by controlling the passage of large molecules and fluid between the blood and interstitial space. The interaction of catenins and the actin cytoskeleton with VE-cadherin (vascular endothelial cadherin) is the primary mechanism for stabilizing AJs (adherens junctions), thereby preventing lung vascular barrier disruption. Members of the Rho (Ras homology) family of GTPases and conventional GEFs (guanine exchange factors) of these GTPases have been demonstrated to play important roles in regulating endothelial permeability.

Vitamin D status in very low birth weight infants and response to vitamin D intake during their NICU stays: a prospective cohort study.

Objective: To evaluate vitamin D status in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants and response to vitamin D intake.

Study Design: In this prospective cohort study of VLBW infants, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was measured regularly starting at birth. Daily vitamin D intake was estimated from parenteral and enteral sources.

Training Pre-Service Teachers to Better Serve LGBTQ High School Students.

Pre-service teachers rarely receive training on how best to serve lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) high school students. We tested whether participating in LGBTQ-focused service-based learning or LGBTQ-focused didactic training improved pre-service teachers' knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, and skills for serving LGBTQ high school students more than a control group. A non-randomised pre-test-post-test design with eighty-eight participants tested these differences.

Examining the Associations between Indigenous Rangers, Culture and Wellbeing in Australia, 2018-2020.

The centrality of culture to Indigenous peoples' health and wellbeing is becoming increasingly acknowledged in government policy. In Australia, the Indigenous Ranger program is a leading example of employment that supports increased cultural participation. In 2017, we demonstrated higher life satisfaction and family wellbeing among Indigenous Rangers compared to non-Rangers in Central Australia.

Parental Perception of the Factors that Affect Diabetes Management in Youth.

Diabetes management is challenging for youth. We developed a theoretical framework for the facilitators and barriers to diabetes management in youth from the perspective of parents.

ADIPOR1 is essential for vision and its RPE expression is lost in the Mfrp mouse.

The knockout (KO) of the adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) gene causes retinal degeneration. Here we report that ADIPOR1 protein is primarily found in the eye and brain with little expression in other tissues. Further analysis of AdipoR1 KO mice revealed that these animals exhibit early visual system abnormalities and are depleted of RHODOPSIN prior to pronounced photoreceptor death.

Associations between Participation in a Ranger Program and Health and Wellbeing Outcomes among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People in Central Australia: A Proof of Concept Study.

Culture can be viewed as an integral part of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health and wellbeing. This study explores the association between caring for country, through participation in a Ranger program, and wellbeing. We analyzed cross-sectional data collected in Central Australia in 2017, comparing health and wellbeing (life satisfaction, general health, psychological wellbeing and family wellbeing) among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples employed as Rangers (n = 43) versus not employed as Rangers (n = 160).

Impact of vaccine mandate on Tdap vaccination coverage among Illinois students 2014-15.

In response to recent pertussis resurgence, a multi-agency recommendation that students receive a one-time Tdap vaccine was introduced. Post mandate there was sequential increase in the Tdap vaccine uptake in the targeted population.

TMEM203 Is a Novel Regulator of Intracellular Calcium Homeostasis and Is Required for Spermatogenesis.

Intracellular calcium signaling is critical for initiating and sustaining diverse cellular functions including transcription, synaptic signaling, muscle contraction, apoptosis and fertilization. Trans-membrane 203 (TMEM203) was identified here in cDNA overexpression screens for proteins capable of modulating intracellular calcium levels using activation of a calcium/calcineurin regulated transcription factor as an indicator. Overexpression of TMEM203 resulted in a reduction of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) calcium stores and elevation in basal cytoplasmic calcium levels.

Adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol levels in term infants born with meconium-stained amniotic fluid.

Objective: To evaluate cord blood concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol in well term infants born with and without meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) and term infants born with MSAF who experienced respiratory distress (RD).

Study Design: This was a prospective observational study. Fifty-four term infants were enrolled in the study in three groups: group 1 consisted of 18 well infants who were born with clear amniotic fluid, group 2 had 18 well infants born with MSAF, and group 3 had 18 infants born with MSAF who experienced RD in the first 24 h of age.

Urinary metabolomic signature of esophageal cancer and Barrett's esophagus.

Background: Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) often presents at a late, incurable stage, and mortality has increased substantially, due to an increase in incidence of EAC arising out of Barrett's esophagus. When diagnosed early, however, the combination of surgery and adjuvant therapies is associated with high cure rates. Metabolomics provides a means for non- invasive screening of early tumor-associated perturbations in cellular metabolism.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is associated with a distinct urinary metabolomic signature.

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis in part due to the lack of early detection and screening methods. Metabolomics provides a means for noninvasive screening of tumor-associated perturbations in cellular metabolism.

Methods: Urine samples of PDAC patients (n = 32), healthy age and gender-matched controls (n = 32), and patients with benign pancreatic conditions (n = 25) were examined using (1)H-NMR spectroscopy.

Metabolomics and surgical oncology: Potential role for small molecule biomarkers.

Metabolomics, the newest of the "omics" sciences, has brought much excitement to the field of oncology as a potential new translational tool capable of bringing the molecular world of cancer care to the bedside. While still early in its development, metabolomics could alter the scope and role of surgery in the multidisciplinary treatment of cancer. This review examines potential roles of metabolomics in areas of early cancer detection, personalized therapeutics and tumorigenesis.

Change in human social behavior in response to a common vaccine.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that exposure to a directly transmitted human pathogen-flu virus-increases human social behavior presymptomatically. This hypothesis is grounded in empirical evidence that animals infected with pathogens rarely behave like uninfected animals, and in evolutionary theory as applied to infectious disease. Such behavioral changes have the potential to increase parasite transmission and/or host solicitation of care.

Trypanosome trans-sialidase mediates neuroprotection against oxidative stress, serum/glucose deprivation, and hypoxia-induced neurite retraction in Trk-expressing PC12 cells.

Trypanosome trans-sialidase (TS) is a sialic acid-transferring enzyme and a novel ligand of tyrosine kinase (TrkA) receptors but not of neurotrophin receptor p75NTR. Here, we show that TS targets TrkB receptors on TrkB-expressing pheochromocytoma PC12 cells and colocalizes with TrkB receptor internalization and phosphorylation (pTrkB). Wild-type TS but not the catalytically inactive mutant TSDeltaAsp98-Glu induces pTrkB and mediates cell survival responses against death caused by oxidative stress in TrkA- and TrkB-expressing cells like those seen with nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).

'Researching ourselves back to life': new ways of conducting Aboriginal alcohol research.

This paper highlights the importance--and provides an example--of Aboriginal control over research. It describes how Aboriginal people from Tangentyere Council conducted a survey of the attitudes of people who reside in Town Camps to a trial of liquor licensing restrictions in Alice Springs; how the results of the survey were used; and how the project led to the establishment of a permanent 'Research Hub' within Tangentyere Council. The paper provides a model of conducting research for other Aboriginal community-controlled organisations and can inform non-Aboriginal researchers about ways of working with Aboriginal community organisations to address substance misuse and other health problems.