COVID-19 in the Czech Republic 2020 and 2021: comparative analysis of probable work-related transmission of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.

Objectives: The aim of the analysis was to determine the probable places of coronavirus transmission in association with the work and compare the situation between 2020 and 2021.

Methods: The work analysed data from the Information System of Infectious Diseases managed by the Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic in the period from March 2020 - December 2021.

Results: 2,483,219 COVID-19 cases were officially confirmed (732,202 during 2020 and 1,338,790 in 2021), from them 140,368 (6%) represented work-related disease, 520,830 cases (21%) work-related contact, and 1,822,021 (73%) out-of-work contact.

Pectoralis major ruptures.

Injuries of pectoralis major (PM) muscle are among rare muscle injuries. Due to the lack of experience and knowledge in this field, they are often missed or improperly treated. Most often they are caused by an indirect mechanism, during strength sports, typically using the bench press.

Musculoskeletal disorders and working risk factors.

Objectives: The authors evaluate situation in the field of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and working risk factors in the Czech Republic.

Methods: Analysis of selected data from the Czech National Registry of Occupational Diseases during 2008-2018, description of criteria for recognition of occupational MSDs and risk factors associated with MSDs.

Results: 6,152 cases of 6 selected recognized occupational musculoskeletal diseases represent 47% of all recognized occupational diseases.

Core-shell ZnO:Ga-SiO nanocrystals: limiting particle agglomeration and increasing luminescence surface defect passivation.

Heat treatment is needed to increase the luminescence intensity of ZnO:Ga particles, but it comes at the cost of higher particle agglomeration. Higher agglomeration results in low transparency of scintillating powder when embedded in a matrix and constitutes one of the biggest disadvantages, besides low light yield and low stopping power, of ZnO:Ga powder. Limiting ZnO:Ga particle size is therefore a key step in order to prepare highly luminescent and transparent composites with prospects for optical applications.

[Classification of posterior malleolar fractures in ankle fractures].

The study presents an overview of the most common radiography and CT-based classifications of posterior malleolar fractures in ankle fracture-dislocations. Their analysis has shown that posterior malleolar fractures largely vary in size and shape. Evaluation of fractures by plain radiographs is inadequate.

Pressure Pain Sensitivity: Marker for Stress Affecting General Health.

Objective: The study examined the links between pressure pain sensitivity (PPS) measured during preventive medical examination of men, their health status and occupation.

Method: A one year (2015-2016) convenience sampling technique was used to gain primary data from actual medical examination, health records (personal and occupational history) and pressure pain sensitivity (PPS) measured by Ull Meter equipment during preventive medical examination of 371 men of different occupations (average age 43.6±10.

[Surgical treatment of acromioclavicular dislocation: Tension band wiring versus hook plate].

Introduction: The aim of the prospective randomized study was to compare tension wire cerclage and hook plate in the treatment of AC dislocation, primarily from the viewpoint of functional and radiological results.

Method: The cohort comprised 80 patients with acute acromioclavicular (AC) dislocation of types 3, 4 and 5 of Rockwood classification. The diagnosis was based on the clinical (disfiguration and instability) and radiographic examination (AP and stress radiograph).

Anatomy and classification of the posterior tibial fragment in ankle fractures.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to analyze the pathoanatomy of the posterior fragment on the basis of a comprehensive CT examination, including 3D reconstructions, in a large patient cohort.

Materials And Methods: One hundred and forty one consecutive individuals with an ankle fracture or fracture-dislocation of types Weber B or Weber C and evidence of a posterior tibial fragment in standard radiographs were included in the study. The mean patient age was 49 years (range 19-83 years).

Stem cells regenerative properties on new rat spinal fusion model.

Stem cells biology is one of the most frequent topic of physiological research of today. Spinal fusion represents common bone biology challenge. It is the indicator of osteoinduction and new bone formation on ectopic model.

[Trochanteric fractures - general overview].

The current possibilities concerning selection of implants and the respective devices provide us with good prerequisites for a successful treatment of almost all trochanteric fractures. The basis is a proper evaluation of the type of the fracture and respecting its biomechanical features. Based on this analysis we select the implant and the proper operative technique.

The combination of mesenchymal stem cells and a bone scaffold in the treatment of vertebral body defects.

Purpose: Vertebral body defects represent one of the most common orthopedic challenges. In order to advance the transfer of stem cell therapies into orthopedic clinical practice, we performed this study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a composite bioartificial graft based on a hydroxyapatite bone scaffold (CEM-OSTETIC(®)) combined with human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in a rat model of vertebral body defects.

Methods: Under general isoflurane anesthesia, a defect in the body of the L2 vertebra was prepared and left to heal spontaneously (group 1), implanted with scaffold material alone (group 2), or implanted with a scaffold together with 0.

The use of new surface-modified poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogels in tissue engineering: treatment of the surface with fibronectin subunits versus Ac-CGGASIKVAVS-OH, cysteine, and 2-mercaptoethanol modification.

Superporous poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) is successfully used as a scaffold material for tissue engineering; however, it lacks functional groups that support cell adhesion. The objective of this study was to investigate the cell-adhesive properties of biomimetic ligands, such as laminin-derived Ac-CGGASIKVAVS-OH (SIKVAV) peptide and fibronectin subunits (Fn), as well as small molecules exemplified by 2-mercaptoethanol (ME) and cysteine (Cys), immobilized on a copolymer of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) with 2-aminoethyl methacrylate (AEMA) by a maleimide-thiol coupling reaction. The maleimide group was introduced to the P(HEMA-AEMA) hydrogels by the reaction of their amino groups with N-γ-maleimidobutyryl-oxysuccinimide ester (GMBS).

Highly efficient magnetic targeting of mesenchymal stem cells in spinal cord injury.

The transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) is currently under study as a therapeutic approach for spinal cord injury, and the number of transplanted cells that reach the lesioned tissue is one of the critical parameters. In this study, intrathecally transplanted cells labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were guided by a magnetic field and successfully targeted near the lesion site in the rat spinal cord. Magnetic resonance imaging and histological analysis revealed significant differences in cell numbers and cell distribution near the lesion site under the magnet in comparison to control groups.

The use of dopamine-hyaluronate associate-coated maghemite nanoparticles to label cells.

Sodium hyaluronate (HA) was associated with dopamine (DPA) and introduced as a coating for maghemite (γ-Fe(2)O(3)) nanoparticles obtained by the coprecipitation of iron(II) and iron(III) chlorides and oxidation with sodium hypochlorite. The effects of the DPA anchorage of HA on the γ-Fe(2)O(3) surface on the physicochemical properties of the resulting colloids were investigated. Nanoparticles coated at three different DPA-HA/γ-Fe(2)O(3) and DPA/HA ratios were chosen for experiments with rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and human chondrocytes.

Flt3 ligand synergizes with granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor in bone marrow mobilization to improve functional outcome after spinal cord injury in the rat.

Background Aims: The effect of granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and/or the cytokine fms-like thyrosin kinase 3 (Flt3) ligand on functional outcome and tissue regeneration was studied in a rat model of spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods: Rats with a balloon-induced compression lesion were injected with G-CSF and/or Flt3 ligand to mobilize bone marrow cells. Behavioral tests (Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan and plantar test), blood counts, morphometric evaluation of the white and gray matter, and histology were performed 5 weeks after SCI.

The use of superporous Ac-CGGASIKVAVS-OH-modified PHEMA scaffolds to promote cell adhesion and the differentiation of human fetal neural precursors.

Modifications of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) with laminin-derived Ac-CGGASIKVAVS-OH peptide sequences have been developed to construct scaffolds that promote cell adhesion and neural differentiation. Radical copolymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate with 2-aminoethyl methacrylate (AEMA) and ethylene dimethacrylate in the presence of ammonium oxalate crystals resulted in the formation of superporous P(HEMA-AEMA) hydrogels. They were reacted with gamma-thiobutyrolactone to yield 2-(4-sulfanylbutanamido)ethyl methacrylate (P(HEMA-AEMA)-SH) unit.

Properties and growth of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells cultivated in different media.

Background Aims: Human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC) are a promising tool for future clinical application, but their use requires rapid cell expansion in media suitable for clinical use. Therefore, we tested the influence of several culture media on colony formation, population doubling (PD) time, cell cycle and surface marker expression.

Methods: hMSC isolated from human bone marrow (BM) obtained from healthy donors were seeded and expanded in different culture media: alpha-minimum essential medium (MEM) supplemented with 2.

[Arthroscopic palliative resection of the rotator cuff in patients with unreconstructible lesions].

Purpose Of The Study: The aim of this study is to present a simple rotator cuff lesion classification that provides guidelines as to their treatment, and to evaluate the results of palliative arthroscopic resection of rotator cuff residues known as unreconstructible lesions. In addition, our therapeutic approaches were ascertained in view of their applicability to the types of lesions studied.

Material: In a five-year period (January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2004), a total of 181 arthroscopic procedures were performed on the shoulder joints of patients diagnosed with impingement or rotator cuff syndromes.

[Management of pseudoarthrosis of the navicular bone of the wrist using the Synthes 3.0 screw].

The authors compare their results of the management of the pseudoarthrosis of the navicular bone of the wrist with those reported in the literature. The study group included 21 patients and the Synthes 3.0 mm was applied.

Results and perspectives of collaboration of CMEA member countries in the field of developing sanitary-chemical methods of determining toxic compounds in the air and biomedia.

Some theoretical and practical problems of controlling industrial environment and biological substrates in the CMEA countries are discussed. Particular attention has been paid to the unification of methodological instructions concerning common requirements and methods of supervision, as also to the coordination and unification of the methods of determining some chemical compounds in the air of the working zone and in biological materials.