Exposure to COVID-19 Pandemic-Related Stressors and Their Association With Distress, Psychological Growth and Drug Use in People With HIV in Nouvelle Aquitaine, France (ANRS CO3 AQUIVIH-NA Cohort-QuAliV-QuAliCOV Study).

We investigated people living with HIV (PLWH)'s exposure to COVID-19 pandemic stressors and their association with distress, psychological growth, and substance use. PLWH in the ANRS CO3 AQUIVIH-NA cohort's QuAliV study (Nouvelle Aquitaine, France) completed an adapted CAIR Lab Pandemic Impact Questionnaire (C-PIQ) and reported substance use between 9/2021 to 3/2022. We described cumulative stressor exposure (score 0-16) and explored variation by PLWH characteristics (demographic, HIV-related, risk factors, psychosocial).

Severe Bacterial Non-AIDS Infections in Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: The Epidemiology and Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance Over an 18-Year Period (2000-2017) in the ANRS CO3 AquiVih-Nouvelle-Aquitaine Cohort.

Background: Severe non-AIDS bacterial infections (SBIs) are among the leading causes of hospital admissions among persons with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) in regions with high antiretroviral therapy coverage.

Methods: This large prospective cohort study of PWH examined the types of infections, bacterial documentation, and evolution of antibiotic resistance among PWH hospitalized with SBIs over an 18-year period.

Results: Between 2000 and 2017, 459 PWH had at least 1 SBI with bacterial documentation.

Treatment With a Three-Drug Regimen for Pulmonary Tuberculosis Based on Rapid Molecular Detection of Isoniazid Resistance: A Noninferiority Randomized Trial (FAST-TB).

Background: The rationale behind the use of ethambutol in the standard tuberculosis treatment is to prevent the emergence of resistance to rifampicin in case of primary resistance to isoniazid. We evaluated whether early detection of isoniazid resistance using molecular testing allows the use an ethambutol-free regimen.

Methods: FAST-TB, a phase 4, French, multicenter, open-label, non-inferiority trial, compared 2 strategies: (1) polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection of isoniazid and rifampicin resistance at baseline using Genotype MTBDR version 2.

[Hearing loss in giant cell arteritis: A case report].

Introduction: Hearing loss is a rare manifestation in giant cell arteritis. The different types of deafness are possible with a predominance of sensorineural deafness.

Case Report: We report a 75-year-old woman who presented with typical manifestations of giant cell arteritis associated concomitantly with the occurrence of bilateral mixed hearing loss confirmed on the audiogram.

Comparative Study on Electrical Conductivity of CeO-Doped AlN Ceramics Sintered by Hot-Pressing and Spark Plasma Sintering.

Aluminum nitride (AlN) ceramics were prepared by both Hot-pressing (HP) and Spark-Plasma-Sintering (SPS) using cerium oxide as the sintering aid. The characterization of AlN raw powder denoted the presence of an amorphous layer that led to the formation of aluminum oxide. During the sintering process, CeO introduced as a sintering aid was reduced into CeO.

[Aggressive tumor progression during immunosuppressive therapy with abatacept].

Introduction: Co-stimulatory molecule cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) inhibits T-cell activation. Clinically, CTLA-4 has been targeted in opposite ways: its blockade enhances antitumor immunity in the field of oncology, whereas CTLA-4 agonists such as abatacept are used for the treatment of immuno-inflammatory diseases as rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Observation: We herein report the case of a 69-year-old man with a history of severe RA successfully treated with abatacept, who showed unusually rapid progression of undifferentiated multi-metastatic carcinoma.

Safety of hydroxychloroquine and darunavir or lopinavir in COVID-19 infection.

Background: Combination therapy with hydroxychloroquine and darunavir/ritonavir or lopinavir/ritonavir has been suggested as an approach to improve the outcome of patients with moderate/severe COVID-19 infection.

Objectives: To examine the safety of combination therapy with hydroxychloroquine and darunavir/ritonavir or lopinavir/ritonavir.

Methods: This was an observational cohort study of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia treated with hydroxychloroquine and darunavir/ritonavir or lopinavir/ritonavir.

Evolution of comorbidities in people living with HIV between 2004 and 2014: cross-sectional analyses from ANRS CO3 Aquitaine cohort.

Background: The objective of the study was to describe the evolution of chronic non-AIDS related diseases and their risk factors, in patients living with HIV (PLHIV) in the French ANRS CO3 Aquitaine prospective cohort, observed both in 2004 and in 2014 in order to improve long-term healthcare management.

Methods: The ANRS CO3 Aquitaine cohort prospectively collects epidemiological, clinical, biological and therapeutic data on PLHIV in the French Aquitaine region. Two cross sectional analyses were performed in 2004 and 2014, to investigate the patient characteristics, HIV RNA, CD4 counts and prevalence of some common comorbidities and treatment.

Gamma delta T cell expansion in Whipple's disease with muscular granulomatous vasculitis.

Whipple's disease usually presents as chronic joint pain followed by digestive manifestations. However, many different presentations have been described in the literature. We report here the first proven case of muscular vasculitis related to Whipple's disease, associated with an expansion of circulating activated γδ T lymphocytes.

[Severity of illness index in autoimmune diseases: Have there any usefulness in medical practice?].

Introduction: Assessing disease activity in patients suffering from autoimmune diseases is complex. Symptoms are multiple, often subjective and there are no reliable biomarkers. Many activity scores have been implemented to compare treatment efficacy in clinical trials.

Commonly Prescribed Antiretroviral Therapy Regimens and Incidence of AIDS-Defining Neurological Conditions.

Background: The differential effects of commonly prescribed combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) regimens on AIDS-defining neurological conditions (neuroAIDS) remain unknown.

Setting: Prospective cohort studies of HIV-positive individuals from Europe and the Americas included in the HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration.

Methods: Individuals who initiated a first-line cART regimen in 2004 or later containing a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor backbone and either atazanavir, lopinavir, darunavir, or efavirenz were followed from cART initiation until death, lost to follow-up, pregnancy, the cohort-specific administrative end of follow-up, or the event of interest, whichever occurred earliest.

Treatment of polyarteritis nodosa with tocilizumab: a new therapeutic approach?

We describe the effect of interleukin 6 (IL-6) blockade using tocilizumab (TCZ) for inducing and maintaining remission of refractory polyarteritis nodosa (PAN). Three patients with refractory PAN defined according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria were treated with TCZ infusions (8 mg/kg) on a monthly basis. All of them had severe cutaneous and articular involvement with elevated biological inflammatory markers.

Effect of Immediate Initiation of Antiretroviral Treatment in HIV-Positive Individuals Aged 50 Years or Older.

Background: Clinical guidelines recommend immediate initiation of combined antiretroviral therapy for all HIV-positive individuals. However, those guidelines are based on trials of relatively young participants.

Methods: We included HIV-positive antiretroviral therapy-naive, AIDS-free individuals aged 50-70 years after 2004 in the HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration.

Efavirenz versus boosted atazanavir-containing regimens and immunologic, virologic, and clinical outcomes: A prospective study of HIV-positive individuals.

Objective: To compare regimens consisting of either ritonavir-boosted atazanavir or efavirenz and a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) backbone with respect to clinical, immunologic, and virologic outcomes.

Design: Prospective studies of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals in Europe and the United States included in the HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration.

Methods: HIV-positive, antiretroviral therapy-naive, and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-free individuals were followed from the time they started an atazanavir or efavirenz regimen.

Incidence and Risk Factors for Severe Bacterial Infections in People Living with HIV. ANRS CO3 Aquitaine Cohort, 2000-2012.

Severe non-AIDS bacterial infections (SBI) are the leading cause of hospital admissions among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in industrialized countries. We aimed to estimate the incidence of SBI and their risk factors in a large prospective cohort of PLHIV patients over a 13-year period in France. Patients followed up in the ANRS CO3 Aquitaine cohort between 2000 and 2012 were eligible; SBI was defined as a clinical diagnosis associated with hospitalization of ≥48 hours or death.

Proper use of carbapenems: Role of the infectious disease specialist.

Objective: One of the objectives of the French national plan on antibiotics is to preserve antibiotic effectiveness. A group of infectious disease specialists of the University hospital of Bordeaux aimed to monitor the prescriptions of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Particular attention was paid to carbapenem (CBP) prescriptions given the increase in betalactamase- and carbapenemase-producing bacteria.

Association of immune-activation and senescence markers with non-AIDS-defining comorbidities in HIV-suppressed patients.

Objectives: We studied the link between T-cell activation, differentiation and senescence phenotypes and non-AIDS-related comorbidities in HIV-suppressed patients.

Design: Patients included in the ANRS CO3 Aquitaine Cohort were consecutively enrolled in this cross-sectional study between October 2011 and May 2013 called Chronic Immune Activation and Senescence (CIADIS) study.

Methods: We summarized immune markers [CD4 and CD8 activation (DR), differentiation (naive and terminally differentiated memory T cells), and senescence (CD57CD28)] in a weighted immune score by principal component analysis called CIADIS.