gen. nov., sp. nov., a Novel Hydrogenotrophic Methyl-Reducing Methanogenic Archaea of the Order Isolated from the Human Gut and Proposal of the Novel Family fam. nov.

The methanogenic strain Mx-05 was isolated from the human fecal microbiome. A phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene and protein marker genes indicated that the strain is affiliated with the order . It shares 86.

Heteropolysaccharides from S. cerevisiae show anti-adhesive properties against E. coli associated with Crohn's disease.

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 was previously reported to strongly inhibit adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells in vitro and to favor AIEC elimination from the gut in a murine model of Crohn's disease in vivo. In order to identify which cell wall components of yeast are responsible for AIEC elimination, constituent polysaccharides of yeast were isolated and their anti-adhesive ability against AIEC adhesion in vitro was screened. A fraction containing mannan, β-glucan and α-glucan extracted from yeast cell-walls was shown to inhibit 95% of AIEC adhesion in vitro and was thus identified as the strongest anti-adhesive yeast cell wall component.

Anti-infectious properties of the probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 on enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) strain H10407.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are major food-borne pathogens responsible for traveler's diarrhea. The production of adhesins and the secretion of enterotoxins constitute the major virulence traits of the bacteria. Treatments are mainly symptomatic and can involve antibiotherapy.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 prevents colitis induced by AIEC bacteria in the transgenic mouse model mimicking Crohn's disease.

Background: Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC), which colonize the ileal mucosa of patients with Crohn's disease (CD), are able to adhere to and invade intestinal epithelial cells. Overexpression of the glycoprotein CEACAM6 on host cells favors AIEC attachment and inflammation. We investigated the ability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 to inhibit AIEC adhesion and to reduce colitis.

Modulation of intestinal inflammation by yeasts and cell wall extracts: strain dependence and unexpected anti-inflammatory role of glucan fractions.

Yeasts and their glycan components can have a beneficial or adverse effect on intestinal inflammation. Previous research has shown that the presence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii (Sb) reduces intestinal inflammation and colonization by Candida albicans.

Probiotic yeasts: anti-inflammatory potential of various non-pathogenic strains in experimental colitis in mice.

Aim: To evaluate the in vitro immunomodulation capacity of various non-pathogenic yeast strains and to investigate the ability of some of these food grade yeasts to prevent experimental colitis in mice.

Methods: In vitro immunomodulation was assessed by measuring cytokines [interleukin (IL)-12p70, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor and interferon gamma] released by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells after 24 h stimulation with 6 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces ssp.) and with bacterial reference strains.