Is it time for anatomists to enter the OT? Their role in clinical anatomy education of residents: A pre-trial survey research among surgeons.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the perceived need among surgical residents to revisit their anatomical knowledge and evaluate their attitude towards integrating clinical anatomists into surgical residency program curriculum.

Background: While medical students learn human anatomy during undergraduate years, the practical application of clinically oriented anatomy becomes vital in surgical specialties. However, this aspect has not been adequately addressed in Indian surgical residency programs.

Morphological and morphometric analysis of oblique popliteal ligament in North Indian population: a cadaveric study.

Purpose: To study the morphology and the morphometry of the oblique popliteal ligament (OPL).

Methods: Thirty cadaver knees were dissected to study the morphology and morphometry of the OPL. For the measurement of the morphology of the OPL a standard tape and the vernier callipers were used.

Amalgamation of Toll-Like Receptor and Hypoxic Signaling in Etiology of Preeclampsia.

Inflammation and oxidative stress are involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) (TLR-4, HMGB1, NFκB, IκBα) and hypoxic (HIF-1α, HIF-1β, PHD, pVHL) pathway proteins in the placenta of preeclamptic pregnant women after 28 weeks of gestational period. A possible association between these 2 pathways was also explored.

Morphologic and Morphometric Evaluation of Oblique Popliteal Ligament - A Clinico-Anatomical Study.

The oblique popliteal ligament (OPL), chief posterior support of the knee, is an extension of the semimembranosus (SM) tendon and runs superolaterally to the lateral femoral condyle. Due to variations and immense functional value of the OPL, the present study was undertaken to explore the OPL morphology and morphometry. Thirty cadaveric lower limbs were dissected to observe the OPL in the floor of the popliteal fossa, and its general shape, number of bands and extensions were noted.

Karyoanomalic frequency assay during radiation therapy - A promising marker in the prognosis of oral and oropharyngeal carcinoma.

Introduction: Radiotherapy is commonly used in the treatment of oral and oropharyngeal carcinomas, either alone or in combination with other modalities of treatment like surgery/chemotherapy. It is always essential to know the nature of tumor response to the irradiation for successful outcomes and prognosis. With this view, the study has been conducted to document the usefulness of nuclear changes, karyolysis (KL), and karyorrhexis (KR) in particular as prognostic markers during the treatment.

Absence of Posterior Triangle: Clinical and Embryological Perspective.

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and Trapezius (TM) muscle present in the cervical region serves as an important landmark in forming boundaries of posterior triangle of neck. This case reports a continuous muscle sheet obscuring the left posterior triangle in the neck of a 60-year-old Indian male cadaver. An unfamiliar oval gap was observed in its posterosuperior portion.

Anatomical Description and Clinical Relevance of a Rare Variation in the Mesenteric Arterial Arcade Pattern.

Solitary vascular variations of the mesenteric arteries are extremely rare and have been seldom reported in the past. The aim of this study is to emphasize the anatomical and clinical relevance of one such rare variation of inferior mesenteric artery (IMA). The current case anomaly was incidentally observed while guiding the undergraduate medical students in the dissection of the mesenteric region of the abdomen in an Indian cadaver.

Aberrant pancreatic ductal organisation: a case report.

Anomalous pancreatic ductal system has always enthralled the anatomists, surgeons, gastroenterologists and radiologists alike. With the growing use of MRCP, ERCP and endoscopic and surgical procedures, the knowledge of anatomical aberrations of pancreaticobiliary tract becomes extremely important. Moreover, the anomalous pancreatic duct morphology may be responsible for atypical gastrointestinal complains.

Unduly extensive uncinate process of pancreas in conjunction with pancreatico-duodenal fold.

Anatomical variations of pancreatic head and uncinate process are rarely encountered in clinical practice. These variations are primarily attributed to the complex development of the pancreas. An unduly enlarged uncinate process of the pancreas overlapping the third part of duodenum was discovered during dissection.

Peripheral communications of intercostobrachial nerve Peripheral communications of the intercostobrachial nerve in relation to the alar thoracic artery.

The intercostobrachial nerve (ICBN) is often encountered during axillary dissection for axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) for diagnostic and therapeutic surgery for mastectomy. The present report is a case observed in the Department of Anatomy at Vardhman Mahavir Medical College, Delhi during routine dissection of the upper extremity of a male cadaver for first year undergraduate medical students. On the right side, the medial cord of brachial plexus gave two medial cutaneous nerves of arm.

Unusual disposition of lateral circumflex femoral artery: Anatomical description and clinical implications.

The anatomical knowledge of arterial variations of lower limb is of utmost significance for the present day surgeons and interventional radiologists for minimizing complications during vascular reconstructive procedures, catheterization procedures and surgical intervention for embolism. Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery (LCFA) is an important branch of Profunda Femoris artery and precise knowledge of its variations can be of great relevance during surgical and radiological procedures in femoral region. The present study reports a unique case of anomalous route taken by LCFA posterior to femoral nerve associated with a prominent muscular branch from Femoral artery mimicking the course of LCFA.

Morphometric analysis of upper end of tibia.

Introduction: The present study aims to assess different morphometric parameters of condylar and intercondylar surface of tibia and to compile the results, analyze and formulate a baseline data for future studies with relevance to Indian population and also to compare the current data with accessible literature for pertinent surgical utilities. Morphometric parameters of upper end of tibia can be used to guide treatment and monitor outcome of total knee replacement surgeries. Information regarding morphometry of upper end of the tibia is vital as it provides reliable method of assessing knee deformity.

Multiple unilateral variations in medial and lateral cords of brachial plexus and their branches.

During routine dissection of the upper extremity of an adult male cadaver, multiple variations in branches of medial and lateral cords of brachial plexus were encountered. Three unique findings were observed. First, intercordal neural communications between the lateral and medial cords were observed.

Human tibial torsion--morphometric assessment and clinical relevance.

Background: Tibial torsion is an important anatomical parameter in clinical practice and displays variability among individuals. These variations are extremely significant in view of alignment guides such as those related to rotational landmarks of tibia in total knee arthroplasty. Further, precise knowledge and information pertaining to angle of tibial torsion also helps in correction of traumatic malunion or congenital maltorsion of tibia.

Quadrifurcation of the hepatic artery proper in conjunction with double right gastric arteries.

Descriptions of the variant hepatic arterial pattern are common and frequently reported in anatomy archives. We describe a noteworthy deviation from the usual branching pattern in a single cadaver. There was a unique division of the hepatic artery proper into two right gastric arteries (RGAs), apart from the usual branches.

Anomalous composition of musculature of the first dorsal fibro-osseous compartment of the wrist.

The anomalous orientation of musculature of the first dorsal fibro-osseous compartment of the wrist is clinically relevant to De Quervian's stenosing tenosynovitis and reconstructive surgeries. Split insertion of the abductor pollicis longus (APL) is commonly found in chimpanzees, gorillas and gibbons. A comparable identical pattern of anomalous slips in humans is of anthropological and phylogenetic importance and could be a result of atavism.

Bipartite clavicular attachment of the sternocleidomastoid muscle: a case report.

Morphological variations of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle assume relevance during attempted surgical interventions in the cervical region. The present study reports bipartite clavicular attachment of the SCM in the neck of an adult male cadaver during performance of a routine anatomy demonstration. The anomaly was unilaterally observed on the left side of the neck.

Supernumerary peronei in the leg musculature- utility for reconstruction.

Muscular variations in the lower extremity are frequently encountered when performing cadaveric dissections. The utility of supernumerary muscles assumes importance in reparative foot surgery. The purpose of the current case study is to report the unilateral presence of double peroneal muscles in the evertors of the foot.

Unilateral intercordal neural communication coexistent with variant branching pattern of posterior cord of brachial plexus.

Variant branching pattern of the cords of brachial plexus coupled with erroneous communications has been an area of concern for surgeons opting to explore this region. Anaesthetic blocks and surgical approaches are the highlights of these interventions, where a keen familiarization of the anatomy of this region is mandatory. The present case description reports a unilateral variant branching pattern of the posterior cord coexistent with a neural communication between lateral and medial cords in an adult male cadaver.

Lymphocytoma cutis following excision arthroplasty.

Cutaneous pseudolymphomas are a group of benign reactive T or B cell lymphoproliferative processes of diverse etiology that simulate cutaneous lymphomas clinically and histologically. We report one such case of pseudolymphoma occurring in the groin of an elderly lady with a history of excision arthroplasty and cementing done at the same site decades ago.

Rectus thoracis bifurcalis: a new variant in the anterior chest wall musculature.

A cadaveric study was undertaken to report the incidence of sternalis muscle in cadavers of Asian origin. A total of 88 cadavers were studied over a period of six years and the sternalis was reported only in a single case and that too unilaterally. The accessory muscle was discovered in the right pectoral region in a 40-year-old male cadaver.