Co-occurring Psychopathology in Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Differences by Sex in the ECHO Cohorts.

Purpose: Our goals were to: 1) examine the occurrence of behavioral and emotional symptoms in children on the autism spectrum in a large national sample, stratifying by sex, and 2) evaluate whether children with increased autism-related social communication deficits also experience more behavioral and emotional problems.

Methods:  Participants (n = 7,998) were from 37 cohorts from the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program. Cross-sectional information on demographic factors, parent-report of an ASD diagnosis by clinician, Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) scores, and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) scores were obtained for children aged 2.

Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Geographic Atrophy Progression: Age-Related Eye Diseases Study 2 Report 34.

Purpose: To examine potential relationships between alcohol consumption and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) progression, including progression to late AMD and geographic atrophy (GA) enlargement rate.

Design: Post hoc analysis of cohorts within the Age-Related Eye Diseases Study 2.

Participants: A total of 6670 eyes (of 3673 participants) with no late AMD at baseline; 1143 eyes (of 841 participants) with GA at ≥2 consecutive visits.

Variations in the management of pediatric cerebral vasospasm.

Objective: Pediatric cerebral vasospasm (PCV) is associated with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), but aSAH is uncommon in children. No universal guidelines exist for PCV management. The authors sought to assess variations in practice patterns in pediatric aSAH and PCV management.

Access Barriers to Anti-CD19+ CART-Cell Therapy for NHL Across a Community Transplant and Cellular Therapy Network.

We analyzed access barriers to anti-CD19+ chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CART) for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) within a community-based transplant and cell therapy network registry. 357 intended recipients of FDA-approved anti-CD19+ CART were identified in the study period (2018 to 2022). Results showed that the median age at referral was 61 years, referral year was 2018 (4%), 2019 (14%), 2020 (18%), 2021 (26%), and 2022 (38%).

Treatment of hydrocephalus following fetal repair of myelomeningocele: comparing endoscopic third ventriculostomy with choroid plexus cauterization to ventricular shunting.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare clinical and craniometric outcomes of patients treated for hydrocephalus following fetal myelomeningocele repair (fMMR) via a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) or endoscopic third ventriculostomy with choroid plexus cauterization (ETV/CPC).

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of children who were treated for hydrocephalus following fMMR via VPS or ETV with or without CPC (ETV ± CPC) at Vanderbilt between 2012 and 2021. The primary outcomes were treatment failure and time to failure (TTF).

Retrospective Case Series of Spinal Cord Neurapraxia in Male Adolescent Athletes: Can These Athletes Return-to-Play?

Background And Objectives: While spinal cord neurapraxia (SCN) is a documented pathology in athletes, guidance for neurosurgeons evaluating these patients is sparse. Therefore, in a cohort of adolescent athletes with SCN, we sought to (1) review their presentation and management and (2) describe outcomes and return-to-play (RTP).

Methods: A single-center, retrospective case series was conducted to examine adolescent athletes diagnosed with SCN from 2017 to 2022.

Sport-related concussion in 8- to 12-year-olds: an understudied population.

Objective: Most studies regarding sport-related concussion (SRC) focus on high school and collegiate athletes; however, little has been published on children younger than 12 years of age. In a cohort of children aged 8-12 years with SRC, the authors sought to describe demographics, initial presentation, and recovery in this understudied population.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of children aged 8-12 years who sustained an SRC between November 2017 and April 2022 and were treated at a regional sports concussion center was conducted.

Card9/neutrophil signalling axis promotes IL-17A-mediated ankylosing spondylitis.

Objective: Polymorphisms in the antifungal signalling molecule are associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Here, we investigated the cellular mechanism by which CARD9 controls pathogenic Th17 responses and the onset of disease in both experimental murine AS and patients.

Methods: Experiments in SKG, Card9SKG, neutrophil-deplete SKG mice along with murine, neutrophil and CD4 T cell cocultures examined Card9 function in neutrophil activation, Th17 induction and arthritis in experimental AS.

The effects of cannabidiol on worry and anxiety among high trait worriers: a double-blind, randomized placebo controlled trial.

Rationale: Evidence suggests cannabidiol (CBD) displays broad therapeutic potential in the context of anxiety; however, no study has examined the effects of CBD on worry, a defining, cognitive feature of anxiety. Additionally, no study has examined the effects of an acute, single dose of CBD compared to repeated CBD administration.

Objectives: Within a sample of 63 individuals with elevated trait worry, the current study aimed to assess the effects of an empirically-derived high dose of CBD (i.

Transitioning care for adolescents with spina bifida in the US: challenges for management.

Open spina bifida (OSB) is a common neural tube defect. Medical and surgical care involves addressing the baseline orthopedic, urologic, and neurological dysfunction as well as the changes or declines that may occur as the patient ages. Given the complexity of this disease, coordinated, multidisciplinary care involving specialists in neurosurgery, orthopedics, urology, rehabilitation and physical medicine, pediatrics, and psychology is necessary to establish and optimize baseline function.

Relationship of cardiovascular disease risk and hearing loss in a clinical population.

Hearing loss has been associated with individual cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and, to a lesser extent, CVD risk metrics. However, these relationships are understudied in clinical populations. We conducted a retrospective study of electronic health records to evaluate the relationship between hearing loss and CVD risk burden.

Formalizing tenure of Indigenous lands improved forest outcomes in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil.

Across the globe, the legal land rights and tenure of many Indigenous peoples are yet to be recognized. A growing body of research demonstrates that tenure of Indigenous lands improves livelihoods and protects forests in addition to inherently recognizing human rights. However, the effect of tenure on environmental outcomes has scarcely been tested in regions with high development pressure, such as those with persisting forest-agriculture conflicts.

The Polygenic Risk Score Knowledge Base offers a centralized online repository for calculating and contextualizing polygenic risk scores.

The process of identifying suitable genome-wide association (GWA) studies and formatting the data to calculate multiple polygenic risk scores on a single genome can be laborious. Here, we present a centralized polygenic risk score calculator currently containing over 250,000 genetic variant associations from the NHGRI-EBI GWAS Catalog for users to easily calculate sample-specific polygenic risk scores with comparable results to other available tools. Polygenic risk scores are calculated either online through the Polygenic Risk Score Knowledge Base (PRSKB; https://prs.

Transcriptional response to VZV infection is modulated by RNA polymerase III in lung epithelial cell lines.

Ancestral RNA polymerase III (Pol III) is a multi-subunit polymerase responsible for transcription of short non-coding RNA, such as double-stranded short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs). Although SINE ncRNAs are generally transcriptionally repressed, they can be induced in response to viral infections and can stimulate immune signaling pathways. Indeed, mutations in RNA Pol III have been associated with poor antiviral interferon response following infection with varicella zoster virus (VZV).

Protocolized management of isolated linear skull fractures at a level 1 pediatric trauma center.

Objective: Isolated linear skull fractures without intracranial findings rarely require urgent neurosurgical intervention. A multidisciplinary fracture management protocol based on antiemetic usage was implemented at our American College of Surgeons-verified level 1 pediatric trauma center on July 1, 2019. This study evaluated protocol safety and efficacy.

Students' Emotions, Perceived Coping, and Outcomes in Response to Research-Based Challenges and Failures in Two Sequential CUREs.

The ability to navigate scientific obstacles is widely recognized as a hallmark of a scientific disposition and is one predictor of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics persistence for early-career scientists. However, the development of this competency in undergraduate research has been largely underexplored. This study addresses this gap by examining introductory students' emotional and behavioral responses to research-related challenges and failures that occur in two sequential research-based courses.

Tobacco, but Neither Cannabis Smoking Nor Co-Drug Use, Is Associated With Hearing Loss in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011 to 2012 and 2015 to 2016.

Introduction: A relationship between tobacco smoking and hearing loss has been reported; associations with cannabis smoking are unknown. In this cross-sectional population-based study, we examined relationships between hearing loss and smoking (tobacco, cannabis, or co-drug use).

Methods: We explored the relationship between hearing loss and smoking among 2705 participants [mean age = 39.

The innate immune receptor Nlrp12 suppresses autoimmunity to the retina.

Background: Nod-like receptors (NLRs) are critical to innate immune activation and induction of adaptive T cell responses. Yet, their role in autoinflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) remains incompletely defined. The NLR, Nlrp12, has been reported to both inhibit and promote neuroinflammation in an animal model of multiple sclerosis (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, EAE), where its T cell-specific role has been investigated.

Electrocochleography and Auditory Brainstem Responses in Persons with Non-Optimal Blood Pressure.

Background: Numerous cardiometabolic factors may underlie risk of hearing loss. Modifiable risk factors such as non-optimal blood pressure (BP) are of interest.

Purpose: To investigate early auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) in persons with nonoptimal BP.

Ventriculoperitoneal shunt management in children undergoing liver transplantation.

There is a lack of data to guide neurosurgeons on the management of ventriculoperitoneal shunts (VPS) in patients undergoing abdominal transplant operations. We present the cases of two pediatric patients with VPS undergoing liver transplantation who were successfully managed with externalization of the VPS at time of transplantation, with subsequent re-internalization once cleared by the transplant surgery team. We present this as an effective management strategy in patients undergoing liver transplantation.

Improving Discharge Instructions Following a Concussion Diagnosis in the Pediatric Emergency Department: A Pre-post Intervention Study.

Introduction: Many children are discharged from the pediatric emergency department (PED) with incomplete or inappropriate instructions following a concussion. Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of a simple intervention in improving discharge instruction disbursement and completeness following PED diagnosis of concussion.

Methods: A pre/post intervention study of 935 patients (375 preintervention and 560 postintervention) ages 5-19, diagnosed with a concussion and discharged from the PED between July 2016 and November 2019, was performed at a single United States pediatric tertiary-care center.

Analysis of high-risk pedigrees identifies 11 candidate variants for Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Analysis of sequence data in high-risk pedigrees is a powerful approach to detect rare predisposition variants.

Methods: Rare, shared candidate predisposition variants were identified from exome sequencing 19 Alzheimer's disease (AD)-affected cousin pairs selected from high-risk pedigrees. Variants were further prioritized by risk association in various external datasets.