Perimenopausal Bone Loss Is Associated with Ovulatory Activity-Results of the PeKnO Study (Perimenopausal Bone Density and Ovulation).

Background: During the menopausal transition, around 25% of women experience a particularly accelerated loss of bone mineral density. These so-called "fast bone losers" represent a group of patients with an increased risk of osteoporosis. The precise mechanisms underlying this extraordinary level of bone mass reduction have not yet been conclusively elucidated.

Mammographic Density and Vitamin D Levels - A Cross-sectional Study.

Some studies have already proposed an inverse association between vitamin D levels and breast density. As breast density is already considered an established risk factor for breast cancer, such a connection could offer a new starting point for the prevention of breast cancer. To investigate this suggested connection, a total of 412 pre- and 572 post-menopausal women for whom mammography was indicated were recruited into this cross-sectional study.

Individual health services.

Background: The German statutory health insurance (GKV) reimburses all health care services that are deemed sufficient, appropriate, and efficient. According to the German Medical Association (BÄK), individual health services (IGeL) are services that are not under liability of the GKV, medically necessary or recommendable or at least justifiable. They have to be explicitly requested by the patient and have to be paid out of pocket.