A new labdane-type diterpenoid from the leaves of L.

A new labdane-type diterpenoid, named vitexnegundin (), along with seven known compounds, including vitexilactone (), vitetrifolin D (), 13-hydroxy-5(10),14-halimadien-6-one (), (rel 3,5,8,9,10)-3,9-dihydroxy-13(14)-labden-16,15-olide (), artemetin (), vitexcarpin () and penduletin (), were isolated from the leaves of L. Their structures were elucidated by using spectroscopic methods, X-ray crystallographic analysis and comparison with those reported in the literature. Moreover, all isolated compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against ESBL-producing strain and methicillin-resistant .

The influence of food on the pharmacokinetics of piperaquine in healthy Vietnamese volunteers.

The combination piperaquine and dihydroartemisinin is emerging as first line treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Southeast Asia. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of a standard Vietnamese meal on the single-dose pharmacokinetics of piperaquine when administered in combination with dihydroartemisinin, and to gain extended data on the terminal half-life of piperaquine in healthy Vietnamese volunteers. Subjects were randomly assigned to take a single oral dose of piperaquine phosphate (640 mg)+dihydroartemisinin (80 mg) together with a standardized Vietnamese meal (n=16) or to remain fasting for 4h following drug intake (n=16).

Artemisinin and CYP2A6 activity in healthy subjects.

Objective: To investigate whether the antimalarial drug artemisinin affects CYP2A6 activity in healthy subjects and to compare the utility of coumarin and nicotine as in vivo probe compounds for CYP2A6.

Methods: Twelve healthy male Vietnamese subjects were given coumarin or nicotine in randomized sequence before and after 5 days of a repeated oral administration of artemisinin during two different treatment periods 1 month apart. Sequential blood samples were drawn at baseline 7 days prior to artemisinin treatment and on the first and fifth day of artemisinin treatment during both treatment periods.

Pharmacokinetics of piperaquine after repeated oral administration of the antimalarial combination CV8 in 12 healthy male subjects.

Objective: To investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of piperaquine after repeated oral administration of the antimalarial combination CV8 in healthy subjects.

Methods: Twelve healthy fasted Vietnamese males were administered four tablets CV8 (320 mg piperaquine phosphate, 32 mg dihydroartemisinin, 5 mg primaquine phosphate, 90 mg trimethoprim) on day 1, followed by two tablets every 24th hour, for a total of 3 days. Blood samples were frequently drawn on days 1 and 3 and sparsely drawn until day 29.