The carbon footprint of cataract surgery pathways in England: an observational study using administrative data.

Background: The National Health Service (NHS) in England has set a target to be net zero for carbon emissions by 2045. The aim of this study was to investigate the estimated difference between the carbon footprint of the Getting It Right First Time (GIRFT) High Volume Low Complexity (HVLC) pathway for cataract surgery and current practice.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of administrative data.

Carbon savings associated with changing surgical trends in total knee arthroplasty in England: a retrospective observational study using administrative data.

Background: Best practice pathways for common surgical procedures, including total knee arthroplasty (TKA), have the potential to improve patient outcomes and reduce carbon emissions. We aimed to estimate the reduction in carbon emissions due to changing trends in the care of patients undergoing TKA in England.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of Hospital Episode Statistics data from 1 April 2013 to 31 March 2022 on adults undergoing elective primary TKA in England.

Evaluating inhaler technique, patient preferences and opportunities for improvement in hospitals in the UK.

Inhalers are a key aspect of managing airways disease. With effective use, they can reduce symptoms, reduce the frequency of exacerbations and thus reduce usage of healthcare services. Inhalers are associated with a significant carbon footprint, accounting for 3% of NHS' carbon emissions.

Unwarranted variation and the goal of net zero for the NHS in England: exploring the link between efficiency working, patient outcomes and carbon footprint.

In 2020 the NHS in England set a target of reaching net zero carbon emissions by 2040. Progress has already been made towards this goal, with substantial reductions in the use of environmentally harmful anaesthetic gases, such as desflurane, in recent years. Where an effective replacement already exists, changing practice to use low carbon alternatives is relatively easy to achieve, but much greater challenges lie ahead.

Role of public health professionals in the climate and ecological crisis: a qualitative study.

Background: The climate and ecological emergency is the single biggest health threat facing humanity, yet it is not clear to what extent the public health workforce have been involved in work on this topic. This research aimed to establish what public health consultants working in local authorities in England perceive their role to be, whether the climate crisis is seen as a core component of public health and to identify barriers to action.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with a purposive sample (n=11) of local authority public health consultants in England.

Trends Over Time in the Use, Carbon Footprint and Costs of Facet Joint Injections and Medial Branch Blocks to Manage Lumbar Pain in England: Retrospective Analysis of an Administrative Dataset.

Study Design: Retrospective analysis of an administrative dataset.

Objective: This study aims to investigate changing practice over a six-year period in the use of repeated lumbar facet joint injections/medial branch blocks in England.

Methods: Patient data were extracted from the Hospital Episodes Statistics database for the period 1st April 2015 to 31st March 2021 for the index lumbar injection and for repeat lumbar injections performed within one year of the first.

Vital role of clinicians in reducing the NHS carbon footprint through smarter procurement decisions.

Background: The NHS' impact on the environment is significant, accounting for 5.9% of the national carbon footprint of the UK and 20 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (Mt COe) emissions a year.The procurement of goods and services is responsible for 72% of the NHS carbon footprint-equivalent to 15.

Potential Carbon Savings with Day-case Compared to Inpatient Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumour Surgery in England: A Retrospective Observational Study Using Administrative Data.

Background: The National Health Service (NHS) in England has set a net-zero target for carbon emissions by 2040. Increasing use of day-case surgery pathways may help in meeting this target.

Objective: To investigate the estimated difference in carbon footprint between day-case and inpatient transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) surgery in England.

Rotations of F-ATPase and V-ATPase analyzed by a torque approach.

F-type ATP synthase (F-ATPase) and vacuolar ATP hydrolase (V-ATPase) are well-known biomolecular motors, which play significant catalytic roles in ATP synthesis and ATP hydrolysis reactions. Their rotational torques are important factors involved in their rotational behavior that can be measured experimentally but with considerable difficulty. To overcome this difficulty and thereby provide an in-depth understanding of their operation mechanism, we herein carry out simple and fast computer modelling to study the two proteins, using our torque approach that relies on interatomic forces and coordinates of unequilibrated configurations taken from brief molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.

Recommendations for improving the working conditions and cultures of distressed junior doctors, based on a qualitative study and stakeholder perspectives.

Background: Doctors, including junior doctors, are vulnerable to greater levels of distress and mental health difficulties than the public. This is exacerbated by their working conditions and cultures. While this vulnerability has been known for many years, little action has been taken to protect and support junior doctors working in the NHS.

An outbreak of linked to pasteurised milk from a vending machine in England: a descriptive study, March 2021.

We describe the investigations and management of a outbreak of linked to consumption of pasteurised milk from a vending machine. Multiple locus variable number of tandem repeats analysis was newly used, confirming that detected in human cases was indistinguishable from that in a calf on the farm. This strengthened the evidence for milk from an on-farm vending machine as the source of the outbreak because of post-pasteurisation contamination.

Surface-Mounted Dipolar Molecular Rotors Driven by External Electric Field, As Revealed by Torque Analyses.

Driven by a high-speed rotating electric field (-field), molecular motors with polar groups may perform a unidirectional, repetitive, and GHz frequency rotation and thus offer potential applications as nanostirrers. To drive the unidirectional rotation of molecular motors, it is crucial to consider factors of internal charge flow, thermal noise, molecular flexibility, and so forth before selecting an appropriate frequency of a rotating -field. Herein, we studied two surface-mounted dipolar rotors of a "caltrop-like" molecule and a "sandwich" molecule by using quantum-mechanical computations in combination with torque analyses.

Relationship between working conditions and psychological distress experienced by junior doctors in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional survey study.

Objectives: This paper explored the self-reported prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among junior doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic. It also reports the association between working conditions and psychological distress experienced by junior doctors.

Design: A cross-sectional online survey study was conducted, using the 21-item Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale and Health and Safety Executive scale to measure psychological well-being and working cultures of junior doctors.

What challenges did junior doctors face while working during the COVID-19 pandemic? A qualitative study.

Objectives: This paper reports findings exploring junior doctors' experiences of working during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK.

Design: Qualitative study using in-depth interviews with 15 junior doctors. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, anonymised and imported into NVivo V.

Protective factors and sources of support in the workplace as experienced by UK foundation and junior doctors: a qualitative study.

Objectives: This paper reports findings identifying foundation and junior doctors' experiences of occupational and psychological protective factors in the workplace and sources of effective support.

Design: Interpretative, inductive, qualitative study involving in-depth interviews with 21 junior doctor participants. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, anonymised and imported into NVivo V.

Carbon, Glass and Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polybenzoxazine: The Effects of Fiber Reinforcement on Mechanical, Fire, Smoke and Toxicity Properties.

Bisphenol F and aniline-based benzoxazine monomers were selected to fabricate basalt, glass and carbon fiber reinforced polybenzoxazine via vacuum infusion, respectively. The impacts of the type of fiber reinforcement on the resulting material properties of the fiber reinforced polymers (FRPs) were studied. FRPs exhibited a homogenous morphology with completely impregnated fibers and near-zero porosity.