Efficacy of remimazolam versus midazolam for procedural sedation: post hoc integrated analyses of three phase 3 clinical trials.

 Remimazolam is an ultra-short acting, fast onset/fast offset benzodiazepine for intravenous use in procedural sedation, general anesthesia, and Intensive Care Unit sedation. The aim of this work was to compare the efficacy of remimazolam versus midazolam dosed according to medical practice (real-world midazolam) and midazolam dosed according to US prescribing information (on-label midazolam) for procedural sedation.  This post hoc analysis was performed using integrated data from three randomized, placebo, and active (midazolam) controlled, phase 3 clinical trials in patients undergoing colonoscopy and bronchoscopy.

Remimazolam Has Low Oral Bioavailability and No Potential for Misuse in Drug-Facilitated Sexual Assaults, with or Without Alcohol: Results from Two Randomised Clinical Trials.

Background And Objectives: Remimazolam is a new ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine currently being developed for intravenous use in procedural sedation, general anaesthesia, and intensive care unit sedation. Benzodiazepines represent a drug class associated with drug-facilitated sexual assaults, especially in combination with alcohol. Two clinical trials were designed to evaluate the oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of remimazolam and to assess the potential for remimazolam misuse in drug-facilitated sexual assaults via oral ingestion.

Shortened up-dosing with sublingual immunotherapy drops containing tree allergens is well tolerated and elicits dose-dependent clinical effects during the first pollen season.

Background: This study compared a rapid home-based up-dosing schedule for sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) drops containing tree pollen allergens with two previously established schedules. Furthermore, the clinical effect of the SLIT was investigated with respect to patients' first pollen season under treatment.

Methods: In this open-label, prospective, patient-preference, non-interventional study, local and systemic reactions were compared between three up-dosing groups using a SLIT formulation containing birch, alder, and hazel pollen extracts (ORALVAC Compact ).

Ectoine-Containing Inhalation Solution versus Saline Inhalation Solution in the Treatment of Acute Bronchitis and Acute Respiratory Infections: A Prospective, Controlled, Observational Study.

Purpose: This study investigated an inhalation solution containing ectoine, a bacterial-derived extremolyte, for the treatment of acute bronchitis and acute respiratory infections in comparison with saline inhalation solution.

Methods: This prospective, controlled, observational study comprised an inclusion visit (day 1), a final visit (day 7), and a follow-up questionnaire (day 17). The treatment itself was administered from day 1 to day 7.

Ectoine lozenges in the treatment of acute viral pharyngitis: a prospective, active-controlled clinical study.

Purpose: Acute pharyngitis is an uncomfortable disorder mostly caused by viruses and for which antibiotics are unwarranted. This study compared lozenges containing ectoine, a natural extremolyte, with hyaluronic acid lozenges and hypertonic saline gargle for symptomatic treatment of acute viral pharyngitis.

Methods: This prospective, controlled clinical study, recruited 90 patients with moderate-to-severe pharyngitis symptoms who chose to use either ectoine (n = 35), hyaluronic acid (n = 35), or saline gargle (n = 20).

A Large Scale Systemic RNAi Screen in the Red Flour Beetle Identifies Novel Genes Involved in Insect Muscle Development.

Although muscle development has been widely studied in there are still many gaps in our knowledge, and it is not known to which extent this knowledge can be transferred to other insects. To help in closing these gaps we participated in a large-scale RNAi screen that used the red flour beetle, , as a screening platform. The effects of systemic RNAi were screened upon double-stranded RNA injections into appropriate muscle-EGFP tester strains.

Impaired sports performance of athletes suffering from pollen-induced allergic rhinitis: a cross-sectional, observational survey in German athletes.

Background: Allergic rhinitis has major impacts on sports performance of athletes. The present study aimed at determining the frequency of seasonal pollen allergy and analyzing the impacts of pollen allergy, the choice of allergy treatments and their benefits for sports performance in a group of professional and recreational athletes.

Methods: The study was conducted as a self-reported questionnaire survey.

Effectiveness, Tolerability, and Safety of Ectoine-Containing Mouthwash Versus Those of a Calcium Phosphate Mouthwash for the Treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced Oral Mucositis: A Prospective, Active-Controlled, Non-interventional Study.

Introduction: Oral mucositis is a frequent complication of cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Ectoine is a natural extremolyte that can stabilize biological membranes and counteract inflammatory reactions. This study investigated ectoine-containing mouthwash for the prophylaxis and the treatment of oral mucositis.

Double abdomen in a short-germ insect: Zygotic control of axis formation revealed in the beetle .

The distinction of anterior versus posterior is a crucial first step in animal embryogenesis. In the fly , this axis is established by morphogenetic gradients contributed by the mother that regulate zygotic target genes. This principle has been considered to hold true for insects in general but is fundamentally different from vertebrates, where zygotic genes and Wnt signaling are required.

Notch signaling induces cell proliferation in the labrum in a regulatory network different from the thoracic legs.

The insect head is composed of several segments and an anterior non-segmental region. While patterning of the segmental region relies - at least in part - on the known trunk patterning mechanisms, development of the anterior most region remains poorly understood. The labrum is an enigmatic structure of the anterior median region (AMR) of the insect head.

Large scale RNAi screen in Tribolium reveals novel target genes for pest control and the proteasome as prime target.

Background: Insect pest control is challenged by insecticide resistance and negative impact on ecology and health. One promising pest specific alternative is the generation of transgenic plants, which express double stranded RNAs targeting essential genes of a pest species. Upon feeding, the dsRNA induces gene silencing in the pest resulting in its death.

The iBeetle large-scale RNAi screen reveals gene functions for insect development and physiology.

Genetic screens are powerful tools to identify the genes required for a given biological process. However, for technical reasons, comprehensive screens have been restricted to very few model organisms. Therefore, although deep sequencing is revealing the genes of ever more insect species, the functional studies predominantly focus on candidate genes previously identified in Drosophila, which is biasing research towards conserved gene functions.