Molecular characterization of swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus detected in Vietnamese pigs.

Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is a novel porcine coronavirus that was recently identified in southern China in 2017. At present, there is a lack of nationwide epidemiological investigations of the newly emerged SADS-CoV. Because Vietnam is geographically adjacent to southern China, many diseases have spread from China to Vietnam.

Development and Validation of an Indirect and Blocking ELISA for the Serological Diagnosis of African Swine Fever.

African swine fever (ASF) is an economically devastating viral disease of pigs caused by the ASF virus (ASFV). The rapid global spread of ASF has increased the demand for ASF diagnostics to be readily available and accessible. No commercial ASF enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits are manufactured and licensed in North America.

Genotype II Live-Attenuated ASFV Vaccine Strains Unable to Completely Protect Pigs against the Emerging Recombinant ASFV Genotype I/II Strain in Vietnam.

: African swine fever virus (ASFV) continues to spread globally, causing severe economic losses to pig farmers. Vietnam licensed two live attenuated vaccines based on the ASFV strains ASFV-G-ΔI177L and ASFV-G-ΔMGF to control the ongoing ASF outbreaks. In 2023, newly emerging highly virulent recombinant ASF viruses (rASFV I/II) containing genetic elements from both p72 genotype I and II ASF viruses were reported from Northern Vietnam.

Antiviral Activity of Plant-Based Additives Against African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) in Feed Ingredients.

Background: African swine fever (ASF) is one of the deadliest swine diseases with haemorrhagic symptoms and a high mortality rate. Plant-derived additives are potential antiviral agents against viruses due to their environmental and user-friendly properties.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of plant-based additives (Phyto.

Molecular characterization of emerging recombinant African swine fever virus of genotype I and II in Vietnam, 2023.

African swine fever virus (ASFV) recombinant strains pose new challenges for diagnosis and control. This study characterizes genotype I and II recombinant ASFV strains identified in northern Vietnam in 2023 through whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomic analysis. Seven ASFV-positive samples from six provinces were analyzed, with recombinant strains detected in Bac Giang, Phu Tho, and Vinh Phuc provinces.

Antiviral activity of SAFER, a commercial acidifying desiccant powder, against African swine fever virus.

African swine fever (ASF) is one of the deadliest swine diseases, causing significant economic losses, threatening food security, and limiting pig production in affected countries. In the absence of an effective ASF vaccine, prevention and control of ASF depend mainly on effective biosecurity measures. In this study, the efficacy of SAFER, a powdered disinfectant containing clay, an acid complex, and the active ingredient thyme essential oil, was tested against the ASF virus.

Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of transmissible gastroenteritis virus strain VET-16, isolated from piglets in Vietnam.

Porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) is a major pathogen that causes viral enteritis and severe diarrhea in newborn piglets. TGEV strains have been isolated in the USA, Europe, and China, and their molecular characteristics are well known. However, there have been few reports of molecular analysis of TGEV strains isolated in Southeast Asia.

Surveillance of Parrot Bornavirus in Taiwan Captive .

Parrot bornavirus (PaBV) is an infectious disease linked with proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) with severe digestive and neurological symptoms affecting psittacine birds. Despite its detection in 2008, PaBV prevalence in Taiwan remains unexplored. Taiwan is one of the leading psittacine bird breeders; hence, understanding the distribution of PaBV aids preventive measures in controlling spread, early disease recognition, epidemiology, and transmission dynamics.

Detection of Recombinant African Swine Fever Virus Strains of p72 Genotypes I and II in Domestic Pigs, Vietnam, 2023.

African swine fever virus (ASFV) genotype II is endemic to Vietnam. We detected recombinant ASFV genotypes I and II (rASFV I/II) strains in domestic pigs from 6 northern provinces in Vietnam. The introduction of rASFV I/II strains could complicate ongoing ASFV control measures in the region.

A multiplex real-time RT-qPCR assay for simultaneous detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, porcine deltacoronavirus, and swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), and swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) cause intestinal diseases with similar manifestations in suckling piglets. In this study, we developed a multiplex real-time PCR for differential diagnosis of PEDV, PDCoV, and SADS-CoV. The assay demonstrated high specificity with a detection limit of 5 copies/µl for each virus.

leaf extract-loading ZnO nanoparticles for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) treatment.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is one of the diseases that causes great losses for livestock farmers. Because vaccines against the disease are not very effective, there is a great demand for biological products with effective resistance to PED virus (PEDV). One of the most important trends today is the use of active ingredients from nature in animal husbandry.

Advanced Strategies for Developing Vaccines and Diagnostic Tools for African Swine Fever.

African swine fever (ASF) is one of the most lethal infectious diseases affecting domestic pigs and wild boars of all ages. Over a span of 100 years, ASF has continued to spread over continents and adversely affects the global pig industry. To date, no vaccine or treatment has been approved.

A Whole-Genome Analysis of the African Swine Fever Virus That Circulated during the First Outbreak in Vietnam in 2019 and Subsequently in 2022.

Since its initial report in Vietnam in early 2019, the African swine fever (ASF), a highly lethal and severe viral swine disease worldwide, continues to cause outbreaks in other Southeast Asian countries. This study analyzed and compared the genomic sequences of ASF viruses (ASFVs) during the first outbreak in Hung Yen (VN/HY/2019-ASFV1) and Quynh Phu provinces (VN/QP/2019-ASFV1) in Vietnam in 2019, and the subsequent outbreak in Hung Yen (VN/HY/2022-ASFV2) in 2022, to those of other ASFV strains. VN/HY/2019-ASFV1, VN/QP/2019-ASFV1, and VN/HY/2022-ASFV2 genomes were 189,113, 189,081, and 189,607 bp in length, encoding 196, 196, and 203 open reading frames (ORFs), respectively.

Pathological Characteristics of Domestic Pigs Orally Infected with the Virus Strain Causing the First Reported African Swine Fever Outbreaks in Vietnam.

African swine fever (ASF) is currently Vietnam's most economically significant swine disease. The first ASF outbreak in Vietnam was reported in February 2019. In this study, VNUA/HY/ASF1 strain isolated from the first ASF outbreak was used to infect 10 eight-week-old pigs orally with 10 HAD per animal.

Instrument-free, visual and direct detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses in resource-limited settings.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) caused by PRRS virus (PRRSV) is one of the most complicated and dangerous diseases in pigs with high mortality since it modulates the immune system of the lungs and has been closely associated with secondary infection of other lethal bacteria and viruses. The gold standard of molecular diagnosis for PRRSV, reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, is time-consuming, expensive and requires transportation of samples to a specialized laboratory. In this study, a direct colorimetric RT-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) method was developed to specifically and rapidly detect PRRSV.

Estimation of a Within-Herd Transmission Rate for African Swine Fever in Vietnam.

We describe results from a panel study in which pigs from a 17-sow African swine fever (ASF) positive herd in Thái Bình province, Vietnam, were followed over time to record the date of onset of ASF signs and the date of death from ASF. Our objectives were to (1) fit a susceptible-exposed-infectious-removed disease model to the data with transmission coefficients estimated using approximate Bayesian computation; (2) provide commentary on how a model of this type might be used to provide decision support for disease control authorities. For the outbreak in this herd, the median of the average latent period was 10 days (95% HPD (highest posterior density interval): 2 to 19 days), and the median of the average duration of infectiousness was 3 days (95% HPD: 2 to 4 days).

Emergence of a novel intergenic region (IGR) IV variant of african swine fever virus genotype II in domestic pigs in Vietnam.

African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes African swine fever (ASF), a deadly disease affecting both domestic pigs and wild boars. ASF has become endemic in Vietnam since its first appearance in early 2019. Our previous molecular surveillance studies revealed that all the ASFV strains circulating in Vietnam belong to p72 genotype II, p54 genotype II, CD2v serogroup 8, and CVR of B602L gene variant type I.

Magnetic-bead-based DNA-capture-assisted real-time polymerase chain reaction and recombinase polymerase amplification for the detection of African swine fever virus.

African swine fever (ASF) is a deadly disease in swine caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV). The global spread of ASFV has resulted in significant economic losses worldwide. Improved early detection has been the most important first line of defense for preventing ASF outbreaks and for activating control measures.

Detection and genetic characterization of canine distemper virus isolated in civets in Vietnam.

Canine distemper (CD), caused by the canine distemper virus (CDV), is a lethal systemic disease to a wide range of wild and domestic carnivorous hosts, including civets. In this study, a possible CD outbreak in a backyard farm with 32 diseased civets (Viverricula indica) in Hanoi, Vietnam, was investigated. The sick civets showed CD-like clinical signs such as anorexia, sedentary behavior, diarrhea, dermatitis, nasal, and footpad hyperkeratosis.

CRISPR/Cas-Assisted Colorimetric Biosensor for Point-of-Use Testing for African Swine Fever Virus.

African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a highly contagious and fatal disease affecting both domesticated and wild pigs. Substandard therapies and inadequate vaccinations cause severe economic damages from pig culling and removal of infected carcasses. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a rapid point-of-use approach that assists in avoiding the spread of ASFV and reducing economic loss.

Epidemiological Analysis and Genetic Characterization of Parvovirus in Ducks in Northern Vietnam Reveal Evidence of Recombination.

In total, 130 tissue-pooled samples collected from ducks in some provinces/cities in north Vietnam were examined for waterfowl parvovirus genome identification. Twenty-six (20%) samples were positive for the parvovirus infection, based on polymerase chain reaction analysis. Of the 38 farms tested, 14 (36.

Estimation of basic reproduction number (R) of African swine fever (ASF) in mid-size commercial pig farms in Vietnam.

African swine fever (ASF) is a devastating disease affecting the global swine industry. Recently, it has spread to many countries in Africa, Europe, Asia, and the Caribbean, leaving severe damage to local, regional, national, and global economies. Due to its highly complex molecular characteristics and pathogenesis, the development of a successful vaccine has been an unmet challenge.