The cost of delivering COVID-19 vaccines in Vietnam.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic affected hundreds of millions of people and lives, and vaccination was the safest and most effective strategy to prevent and mitigate the burden of this disease. The implementation of COVID-19 vaccination in Vietnam in 2021 was unprecedentedly challenging in scale and complexity, yet economic evidence on the cost of delivery vaccines thought the program was lacking.

Methods: This retrospective costing study utilized a bottom-up, ingredient-based approach to estimate the cost of delivering COVID-19 vaccines in Vietnam in 2021, from a payer perspective.

Therapeutic Effects of Engineered Exosomes from RAW264.7 Cells Overexpressing hsa-let-7i-5p against Sepsis in Mice-A Comparative Study with Human Placenta-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes.

This study compared the therapeutic effects of engineered exosomes derived from RAW264.7 cells overexpressing hsa-let-7i-5p (engineered exosomes) to exosomes from human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hpMSC exosomes) against sepsis-induced acute lung injury. Adult male C57BL/6 mice were divided into lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS plus engineered exosome (LEExo), or LPS plus hpMSC exosome (LMExo) groups, alongside control groups.

promSEMBLE: Hard Pattern Mining and Ensemble Learning for Detecting DNA Promoter Sequences.

Accurate identification of DNA promoter sequences is of crucial importance in unraveling the underlying mechanisms that regulate gene transcription. Initiation of transcription is controlled through regulatory transcription factors binding to promoter core regions in the DNA sequence. Detection of promoter regions is necessary if we are to build genetic regulatory networks for biomedical and clinical applications, and for identification of rarely expressed genes.

Development and Characterization of a Hydrogel Containing Curcumin-Loaded Nanoemulsion for Enhanced In Vitro Antibacteria and In Vivo Wound Healing.

Curcumin (CUR) is a natural compound extracted from turmeric ( L.) used to cure acne, wound healing, etc. Its disadvantages, such as poor solubility and permeability, limit its efficacy.

Desmodinosides A-E: New Flavonoid C-glycosides from Desmodium heterocarpon var. stigosum with hepatoprotective and antifungal activity.

Five new flavonoid C-glycosides named desmodinosides A-E (1-5) and one known compound, apigenin 6-C-β-d-xylopyranosyl-2''-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6) have been isolated from the methanol extract of the aerial parts of Desmodium heterocarpon var. stigosum. These compounds were determined by 1D and 2D-NMR and HR-MS spectroscopies.

PCMW2D and 2D Raman correlation spectroscopy evidence for presence of spin-phonon coupling in hexagonal LuMnO.

Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) and perturbation-correlation moving window two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (PCMW2D) analysis are performed on the temperature-dependent Raman spectra of hexagonal LuMnO single crystal. Under the resonance with the on-site Mn d-d transitions, the correlation between the phonons which are relate to the vibration of Mn ions' bonds and spin-excitation peaks suggest a strong spin-phonon coupling in LuMnO. The PCMW2D results clearly show that the significant change in phonons and spin-excitation peaks occurs around the Néel temperature and the spin reorientation transition.

Durian Shell-Mediated Simple Green Synthesis of Nanocopper against Plant Pathogenic Fungi.

The synthesis of fungicides in eco-friendly and cost-effective ways is significantly essential for agriculture. Plant pathogenic fungi cause many ecological and economic issues worldwide, which must be treated with effective fungicides. Here, this study proposes the biosynthesis of fungicides, which combines copper and CuO nanoparticles (Cu/CuO) synthesized using durian shell (DS) extract as a reducing agent in aqueous media.

Roles of β-Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) Producing Endophytic Bacteria on the Recovery of Plant Growth and Survival Ability of Sugarcane Infected White Leaf Disease (SWLD).

β-Indole acetic acid is produced in the rhizosphere by endophytic bacteria and promotes plant growth. Effects of bacterial IAA producers (BIPs) on plant growth and recovery of sugarcane seedlings infected with phytoplasma causing white leaf disease (SWLD) were examined. Fifty-five endophytic bacteria isolated from rice roots were collected from the Mekong River Delta, Vietnam.

Regulation of Off-track bidirectional signaling by Semaphorin-1a and Wnt signaling in the Drosophila motor axon guidance.

Off-track receptor tyrosine kinase (OTK) has been shown to play an important role in the Drosophila motor axon pathfinding. The results of biochemical and genetic interactions previously suggested that OTK acts as a component of Semaphorin-1a/Plexin A (Sema-1a/PlexA) signaling during embryonic motor axon guidance and further showed that OTK binds to Wnt family members Wnt2 and Wnt4 and their common receptor Frizzled (Fz). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the motor axon guidance function of OTK remain elusive.

Use of Septal Cartilage in Rhinoplasty to Correct Nasal Deformity After Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery.

Background: The most common facial defect is the congenital cleft lip (CL), which can occur with or without a cleft palate (CP). Patients need primary plastic surgery for rehabilitation and esthetics; nevertheless, secondary abnormalities of the lip and nose may develop after primary surgery. These deformities are complex and involve all tissue layers, including the skeletal platform, inner lining, osseocartilaginous structure, and overlying skin.

Laparoscopic Appendectomy Using the Surgical-Glove Port Through an Umbilical Incision: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.

Background Single-incision laparoscopic appendectomy (SILA) has recently emerged as a promising alternative for the management of acute appendicitis. This study aimed to compare the surgical outcomes of the SILA with those of three laparoscopic appendectomies (TLA) procedures using the existing equipment, the 10-mm laparoscope, and the surgical-glove port method. Methodology Between February 2021 and February 2022, this single-center retrospective study examined 68 patients who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy by a single surgeon.

Experimental and numerical simulation on dynamics of a moored semi-submersible in various wave directions.

A moored floating platform has great potential in ocean engineering applications because the mooring system is necessary to keep a floating platform in the station. It relates directly to operational efficiency and safety of a floating platform. This study presents a comprehensive assessment of the dynamics of a moored semi-submersible in waves by performing model test and numerical simulation.

Formulation and characterization of hydroxyethyl cellulose-based gel containing metronidazole-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for buccal mucosal drug delivery.

Local delivery of drug is a promising strategy to manage periodontitis characterized by chronic inflammation of the soft tissue surrounding the teeth. An optimized system should prolong the drug retention time and exhibit controlled drug permeation through the buccal mucosal layer. This study was aimed to develop hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)-based gel containing metronidazole (MTZ) loaded in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), and to enhance the antimicrobial activity of MTZ.

Availability, prices and affordability of essential medicines: A cross-sectional survey in Hanam province, Vietnam.

Objective: To measure medicines' prices, availability, and affordability in Hanam, Vietnam.

Methods: The standardized methodology developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Health Action International was used to survey 30 essential medicines (EMs) in 30 public health facilities and 35 private medicine outlets in 2020. The availability of medicine was computed as the percentage of health facilities in which this medicine was found on the data-collection day.

A novel biosensing system for rapid and sensitive detection of heavy metal toxicity in water.

Toxicity biosensors have recently gained significant attention due to their potential use in online monitoring. However, the effects of toxicants and the influence of dose, exposure time, and type and concentration of respiration substrate (RS) on the performance of a bioreactor are species-specific. Although these factors need to be investigated case-by-case as they can lead either to damage or self-repair of the affected microorganisms, they have seldom been considered in previous studies.

Access to essential medicines for children: a cross-sectional survey measuring medicine prices, availability and affordability in Hanam province, Vietnam.

Objective: To identify the availability, prices and affordability of essential medicines for children (cEMs) in Hanam province, Vietnam.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: One city and five districts of Hanam province.

Knowledge, attitude and practices of community pharmacists regarding COVID-19: A paper-based survey in Vietnam.

Objective: To survey the knowledge, attitude, and practices of Vietnamese pharmacists regarding the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method: This cross-sectional, paper-based study was conducted from June to August 2020. A validated questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha = 0.

Cleft Lip/Nasal Deformities After Plastic Surgery for Unilateral Cleft Lip/Palate: A Prospective Study at a Large Hospital in Vietnam.

Introduction: Congenital cleft lip, with or without cleft palate, is the most common deformity of the face. Primary plastic surgery for rehabilitation and esthetics is important for patients and their parents; however, secondary deformities of the lip and nose can occur after the primary surgery. Therefore, we performed assessment of secondary cleft lip/nasal deformities to aid in planning of surgical repair of these deformities.

Temporalis Muscle Flap for the Immediate Reconstruction of Oral Defects after Oncologic Resection.

An oral defect after oncologic resection, especially in the upper jaw, is an extremely complex problem in terms of reconstructive surgery. Herein, we report 2 patients who were diagnosed with oral mucosal squamous cell carcinoma. In one patient, the lesion was present on the right side of the hard palate, invading the maxillary bone.

New triterpene sulfates from Vietnamese red alga and their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Three new compounds (methyl-3,25-dihydroxycycloart-23-en-29-oate 3-sulfate (), methyl-3-hydroxy-25-methoxycycloart-23-en-29-oate 3-sulfate () and 3-hydroxy-25-methoxycycloart-23-ene 3-sulfate ()) and a known one (3-hydroxycycloart-24-en-23-one 3-sulfate ()) were isolated from Vietnamese red alga . All isolated compounds - showed potent inhibitory activity against yeast α-glucosidase with IC values of 16.62 ± 2.

Enhancement of Rhodamine B Degradation by Ag Nanoclusters-Loaded g-C₃N₄ Nanosheets.

In this paper, silver (Ag) nanoclusters-loaded graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) nanosheets are synthesized and their physical properties as well as photocatalytic activities are systematically investigated by different techniques. The existence of Ag atoms in the form of nanoclusters (NCs) rather than well-crystallized nanoparticles are evidenced by X-ray diffraction patterns, SEM images, and XPS spectra. The deposition of Ag nanoclusters on the surface of g-C₃N₄ nanosheets affect the crystal structure and slightly reduce the band gap energy of g-C₃N₄.

Leigh syndrome T8993C mitochondrial DNA mutation: Heteroplasmy and the first clinical presentation in a Vietnamese family.

Leigh syndrome is a rare inherited, heterogeneous and progressive neurometabolic disorder that is mainly caused by specific mutations in nuclear DNA (nDNA) or mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The present study reported a case of childhood Leigh syndrome with a point mutation at bp 8,993 in the mitochondrial ATPase6 gene. A 21‑month‑old male child had developed epilepsy, muscular weakness and vomiting, which was accompanied by high fever.

Enzymatic synthesis of avermectin B glycosides for the effective prevention of the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.

Avermectin produced by Streptomyces avermitilis is an anti-nematodal agent against the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. However, its potential usage is limited by its poor water solubility. For this reason, continuous efforts are underway to produce new derivatives that are more water soluble.

Genkwalathins A and B, new lathyrane-type diterpenes from Daphne genkwa.

Screening for new natural anti-neuroinflammatory compounds was performed with the traditional folk medicine Genkwa Flos, which potently inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production by LPS-activated microglial BV-2 cells. Two new lathyrane-type diterpenes, genkwalathins A (1) and B (2), and 14 known daphnane-type diterpenes (3-16) were isolated. The lathyrane-type diterpenes were isolated for the first time from the Thymelaeaceae family in this study.

Recovery of protein hydrolysate and chitosan from black tiger shrimp () heads: approaching a zero waste process.

Shrimp heads are considered as a potential source for the recovery of many valuable components such as chitin, protein and carotenoids. In the present study, both protein hydrolysate and chitin/chitosan were recovered using combination of physical, biological and chemical treatments. Shrimp heads were separated from liquid phase by a facile and efficient physical pretreatment.