A Study on the Fabrication of an Effective Natural Substance Based on Extracted Fermentation.

Purpose: In this study, a high-efficiency extract (SCE) produced by the fermentation of effective microorganisms (EM) was used as an antioxidant material in preparing cosmetic products.

Subjects And Methods: We conducted the study by extracting via EM fermentation to increase the efficiency. Tyrosinase inhibitory factor analysis, pH, and thermal stability were measured to verify the properties of the prepared products.

Zwitterion Nondetergent Sulfobetaine-Modified SnO as an Efficient Electron Transport Layer for Inverted Organic Solar Cells.

Tin oxide (SnO) has been widely accepted as an effective electron transport layer (ETL) for optoelectronic devices because of its outstanding electro-optical properties such as its suitable band energy levels, high electron mobility, and high transparency. Here, we report a simple but effective interfacial engineering strategy to achieve highly efficient and stable inverted organic solar cells (iOSCs) via a low-temperature solution process and an SnO ETL modified by zwitterion nondetergent sulfobetaine 3-(4--butyl-1-pyridinio)-1-propanesulfonate (NDSB-256-4T). We found that NDSB-256-4T helps reduce the work function of SnO, resulting in more efficient electron extraction and transport to the cathode of iOSCs.

Modified SnO with Alkali Carbonates as Robust Electron-Transport Layers for Inverted Organic Solar Cells.

We report for the first time that alkali carbonates (LiCO, KCO, and RbCO) based on a low-temperature solution process can be used as interfacial modifiers for SnO as robust electron-transport layers (ETL) for inverted organic solar cells (iOSCs). The room-temperature photoluminescence, the electron-only devices, and the impedance studies altogether suggested the interfacial properties of the alkali carbonates-modified SnO ETLs, which were much better than those based on the SnO only, provided efficient charge transport, and reduced the charge recombination rates for iOSCs. The iOSCs using the polymer donor poly[4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-;4,5-']dithiophene-2,6-diyl--(4-(2-ethylhexyl)-3-fluorothieno[3,4-]thiophene-)-2-carboxylate-2-6-diyl] and the fullerene acceptor phenyl-C-butyric acid methyl ester as the active layer showed the average power-conversion efficiencies (PCEs) based on ten devices of 6.

Low-Temperature Solution-Processed SnO Nanoparticles as a Cathode Buffer Layer for Inverted Organic Solar Cells.

SnO recently has attracted particular attention as a powerful buffer layer for organic optoelectronic devices due to its outstanding properties such as high electron mobility, suitable band alignment, and high optical transparency. Here, we report on facile low-temperature solution-processed SnO nanoparticles (NPs) in applications for a cathode buffer layer (CBL) of inverted organic solar cells (iOSCs). The conduction band energy of SnO NPs estimated by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy was 4.