Specialized post-arterial capillaries facilitate adult bone remodelling.

The vasculature of the skeletal system is crucial for bone formation, homoeostasis and fracture repair, yet the diversity and specialization of bone-associated vessels remain poorly understood. Here we identify a specialized type of post-arterial capillary, termed type R, involved in bone remodelling. Type R capillaries emerge during adolescence around trabecular bone, possess a distinct morphology and molecular profile, and are associated with osteoprogenitors and bone-resorbing osteoclasts.

Pt Single Atom-Doped Triphasic VP-NiP-MoP Heterostructure: Unveiling a Breakthrough Electrocatalyst for Efficient Water Splitting.

Enhancement of an alkaline water splitting reaction in Pt-based single-atom catalysts (SACs) relies on effective metal-support interactions. A Pt single atom (Pt)-immobilized three-phased Pt@VP-NiP-MoP heterostructure on nickel foam is presented, demonstrating high catalytic performance. The existence of Pt on triphasic metal phosphides gives an outstanding performance toward overall water splitting.

Complete genomes of two cluster AK phages isolated from soil samples in Newburgh, NY, United States.

Two phages belonging to phage cluster AK were isolated from soil samples collected in Newburgh, NY in 2021. Both are lytic with a genome organization typical of siphoviruses except for two genes encoding minor tail proteins with pyocin-knob domains found early in the genome, before the terminase gene.

Electronic, magnetic, and optical properties of Np and Pu decorated armchair graphene nanoribbons: a DFT study.

We employed Density Functional Theory (DFT) to investigate the electronic, magnetic, and optical characteristics of armchair graphene nanoribbons (AGNRs) decorated with neptunium (Np) and plutonium (Pu). Our analysis delves deeply into the intricate orbital hybridizations associated with C-Np, C-Pu, C-C, Np-Np, and Pu-Pu chemical bonds. Through this approach, we explore the electronic band structure, band-decomposed charge densities, spin-charge distributions, and Van Hove singularities in the density of states.

An Effective Health System Approach to End TB: Implementing the Double X Strategy in Vietnam.

Countries that are high burden for TB must reverse the COVID-19 pandemic's devastating effects to accelerate progress toward ending TB. Vietnam's Double X (2X) strategy uses chest radiography (CXR) and GeneXpert (Xpert) rapid diagnostic testing to improve early detection of TB disease. Household contacts and vulnerable populations (e.

Realizing the Tailored Catalytic Performances on Atomic Pt-Promoted Transition Metal Moieties Implanted Layered Double Hydroxides for Water Electrolysis.

High-performance production of green hydrogen gas is necessary to develop renewable energy generation technology and to safeguard the living environment. This study reports a controllable engineering approach to tailor the structure of nickel-layered double hydroxides via doped and absorbed platinum single atoms (Pt) promoted by low electronegative transition metal (Mn, Fe) moieties (Pt-Mn,Fe-Ni LDHs). We explore that the electron donation from neighboring transition metal moieties results in the well-adjusted -band center with the low valence states of Pt and Pt, thus optimizing adsorption energy to effectively accelerate the H release.

ScN/GaN(11̅00): A New Platform for the Epitaxy of Twin-Free Metal-Semiconductor Heterostructures.

We study the molecular beam epitaxy of rock-salt ScN on the wurtzite GaN(11̅00) surface. To this end, ScN is grown on freestanding GaN(11̅00) substrates and self-assembled GaN nanowires exhibiting (11̅00) sidewalls. On both substrates, ScN crystallizes twin-free thanks to a specific epitaxial relationship, namely ScN(110)[001]∥GaN(11̅00)[0001], providing a congruent, low-symmetry interface.

Iodine-promoted amide formation oxidative cleavage of indoles: novel quinazoline-4(3)-one and tryptanthrin syntheses.

A highly efficient method for the direct construction of amide bonds a selective cleavage of C-H and C[double bond, length as m-dash]C bonds in indole structures using an iodine-promoted approach was developed. Mechanistic studies indicated the formation of superoxide radicals obtained from molecular oxygen activation as a key intermediate step, which provided a precursor for subsequent oxidative ring-opening and intermolecular cyclization. A broad range of quinazolin-4(3)-ones and tryptanthrins were synthesized in moderate to good yields under mild and environmentally benign conditions.

Optoelectronic Properties of Nitrogen-Doped Hexagonal Graphene Quantum Dots: A First-Principles Study.

Graphene quantum dots have been widely studied owing to their unique optical, electrical, and optoelectrical properties for various applications in solar devices. Here, we investigate the optoelectronic properties of hexagonal and nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots using the first-principles method. We find that doping nitrogen atoms to hexagonal graphene quantum dots results in a significant red shift toward the visible light range as compared to that of the pristine graphene quantum dots, and the doped nitrogen atoms also induce a clear signature of anisotropy of the frontier orbitals induced by the electron correlation between the doped nitrogen atoms and their adjacent carbon atoms.

Molecular characterization of lumpy skin disease virus in North Central Vietnam during 2021 and early 2022.

In October 2020, the first outbreaks of lumpy skin disease (LSD) in Lang Son Province, Vietnam were reported by our laboratory. The disease had rapidly spread to the South, and it was reported in 55 of 63 provinces and cities of Vietnam by the end of 2021. The most economic loss caused by this disease occurred in the north-central region in 2021 where approximately 46,788 LSD virus (LSDV) infected cattle and buffaloes have been reported and 8,976 animals have been culled.

Towards universal health coverage in Vietnam: a mixed-method case study of enrolling people with tuberculosis into social health insurance.

Background: Vietnam's primary mechanism of achieving sustainable funding for universal health coverage (UHC) and financial protection has been through its social health insurance (SHI) scheme. Steady progress towards access has been made and by 2020, over 90% of the population were enrolled in SHI. In 2022, as part of a larger transition towards the increased domestic financing of healthcare, tuberculosis (TB) services were integrated into SHI.

Triphasic NiP-NiP-Ru with Amorphous Interface Engineering Promoted by Co Nano-Surface for Efficient Water Splitting.

This research designs a triphasic NiP-NiP-Ru heterostructure with amorphous interface engineering strongly coupled by a cobalt nano-surface (Co@NiP-Ru) to form a hierarchical 3D interconnected architecture. The Co@NiP-Ru material promotes unique reactivities toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline media. The material delivers an overpotential of 30 mV for HER at 10 mA cm and 320 mV for OER at 50 mA cm in freshwater.

Graphene as a Sensor for Lung Cancer: Insights into Adsorption of VOCs Using vdW DFT.

The adsorption mechanism of individual volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on the surface of graphene is investigated using nonempirical van der Waals (vdW) density functional theory. The VOCs chosen as adsorbates are ethanol, benzene, and toluene, which are found in the exhaled breath of lung cancer patients. The most energetically favorable configurations of the adsorbed systems, adsorption energy profiles, charge transfer, and work function are calculated.

Analysis of questionnaire survey to determine worldwide trends in prescriptions of biologics for the treatment of unresponsive chronic urticaria.

Background: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a common condition treated by allergist/immunologists, but the only FDA-approved biologic medication, omalizumab, may be underutilized globally.

Objective: This study was performed to determine the global prescription of omalizumab for treatment of CSU by allergists/immunologists.

Methods: Anonymous questionnaire surveys were distributed online to World Allergy Organization (WAO) members worldwide.

Laparoscopic retroperitoneal heminephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma in horseshoe kidney: a case report and review of the literature.

Introduction: In this case report, we demonstrate our technique of a retroperitoneal laparoscopic heminephrectomy for a T1b right hilar tumor in a horseshoe kidney.

Case Presentation: A 77-year-old Vietnamese woman presented to the hospital because of right flank pain. On presentation, her serum creatinine was 0.

Desilification of phytolith exacerbates the release of arsenic from rice straw.

Arsenic (As) turnover in rice paddy agro-ecosystems has received much attention because As can enter the food chain through its accumulation in rice, thereby affecting human health. Returning straw to soil is a common practice to retain nutrients for soil and crops, but it also cycles As within the rice paddy field ecosystems. However, there is still a lack of detailed understanding of the fate of As in rice straw, and how or to what extent it is recycled back into the soil environment.

Computer-Aided Detection for Chest Radiography to Improve the Quality of Tuberculosis Diagnosis in Vietnam's District Health Facilities: An Implementation Study.

In Vietnam, chest radiography (CXR) is used to refer people for GeneXpert (Xpert) testing to diagnose tuberculosis (TB), demonstrating high yield for TB but a wide range of CXR abnormality rates. In a multi-center implementation study, computer-aided detection (CAD) was integrated into facility-based TB case finding to standardize CXR interpretation. CAD integration was guided by a programmatic framework developed for routine implementation.

A Clinically Oriented antimicrobial Resistance surveillance Network (ACORN): pilot implementation in three countries in Southeast Asia, 2019-2020.

Case-based surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) provides more actionable data than isolate- or sample-based surveillance. We developed A Clinically Oriented antimicrobial Resistance surveillance Network (ACORN) as a lightweight but comprehensive platform, in which we combine clinical data collection with diagnostic stewardship, microbiological data collection and visualisation of the linked clinical-microbiology dataset. Data are compatible with WHO GLASS surveillance and can be stratified by syndrome and other metadata.

Stacking-Order-Dependent Excitonic Properties Reveal Interlayer Interactions in Bulk ReS.

Rhenium disulfide, a member of the transition metal dichalcogenide family of semiconducting materials, is unique among 2D van der Waals materials due to its anisotropy and, albeit weak, interlayer interactions, confining excitons within single atomic layers and leading to monolayer-like excitonic properties even in bulk crystals. While recent work has established the existence of two stacking modes in bulk, AA and AB the influence of the different interlayer coupling on the excitonic properties has been poorly explored. Here, we use polarization-dependent optical measurements to elucidate the nature of excitons in AA and AB-stacked rhenium disulfide to obtain insight into the effect of interlayer interactions.

Wake-like skin patterning and neural activity during octopus sleep.

While sleeping, many vertebrate groups alternate between at least two sleep stages: rapid eye movement and slow wave sleep, in part characterized by wake-like and synchronous brain activity, respectively. Here we delineate neural and behavioural correlates of two stages of sleep in octopuses, marine invertebrates that evolutionarily diverged from vertebrates roughly 550 million years ago (ref. ) and have independently evolved large brains and behavioural sophistication.

Polymorphs of Titanium Dioxide: An Assessment of the Variants of Projector Augmented Wave Potential of Titanium on Their Geometric and Dielectric Properties.

Titanium dioxide (TiO) is one of the important functional materials owing to its diverse applications in many fields of chemistry, physics, nanoscience, and technology. Hundreds of studies on its physicochemical properties, including its various phases, have been reported experimentally and theoretically, but the controversial nature of relative dielectric permittivity of TiO is yet to be understood. Toward this end, this study was undertaken to rationalize the effects of three commonly used projector augmented wave (PAW) potentials on the lattice geometries, phonon vibrations, and dielectric constants of rutile (R-)TiO and four of its other phases (anatase, brookite, pyrite, and fluorite).