Awake prone positioning effectiveness in moderate to severe COVID-19 a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Awake prone positioning (APP) may be beneficial in patients with respiratory failure who are not receiving mechanical ventilation. Randomized controlled trials of APP have been performed during peak COVID-19 periods in unvaccinated populations, with limited data on compliance or patient acceptability. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and acceptability of APP in a lower-middle income country in an open-label randomized controlled trial using a dedicated APP implementation team and wearable continuous-monitoring devices.

A consultation and work-up diagnosis protocol for a multicancer early detection test: a case series study.

The emergence of multicancer early detection (MCED) tests holds promise for improving early cancer detection and public health outcomes. However, positive MCED test results require confirmation through recommended cancer diagnostic imaging modalities. To address these challenges, we have developed a consultation and work-up protocol for definitive diagnostic results post MCED testing, named SPOT-MAS.

Dynamic Expansions and Retinal Expression of Spectrally Distinct Short-Wavelength Opsin Genes in Sea Snakes.

The photopigment-encoding visual opsin genes that mediate color perception show great variation in copy number and adaptive function across vertebrates. An open question is how this variation has been shaped by the interaction of lineage-specific structural genomic architecture and ecological selection pressures. We contribute to this issue by investigating the expansion dynamics and expression of the duplicated Short-Wavelength-Sensitive-1 opsin (SWS1) in sea snakes (Elapidae).

Alpha and gamma mangostins inhibit wild-type B SARS-CoV-2 more effectively than the SARS-CoV-2 variants and the major target is unlikely the 3C-like protease.

Background: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 and immunomodulatory drugs are important for treating clinically severe patients with respiratory distress symptoms. Alpha- and gamma-mangostins (AM and GM) were previously reported as potential 3C-like protease (3CL) and Angiotensin-converting enzyme receptor 2 (ACE2)-binding inhibitors .

Objective: We aimed to evaluate two active compounds, AM and GM, from for their antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 in live virus culture systems and their cytotoxicities using standard methods.

Acceptance and User Experiences of a Wearable Device for the Management of Hospitalized Patients in COVID-19-Designated Wards in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: Action Learning Project.

Background: Wearable devices have been used extensively both inside and outside of the hospital setting. During the COVID-19 pandemic, in some contexts, there was an increased need to remotely monitor pulse and saturated oxygen for patients due to the lack of staff and bedside monitors.

Objective: A prototype of a remote monitoring system using wearable pulse oximeter devices was implemented at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, from August to December 2021.

A sulfonamide chalcone inhibited dengue virus with a potential target at the SAM-binding site of viral methyltransferase.

Dengue infection is a global health problem as climate change facilitates the spread of mosquito vectors. Infected patients could progress to severe plasma leakage and hemorrhagic shock, where current standard treatment remains supportive. Previous reports suggested that several flavonoid derivatives inhibited mosquito-borne flaviviruses.

Exploring the feasibility of introducing triple artemisinin-based combination therapy in the malaria treatment policy in Vietnam.

Background: This study investigates the processes regarding changing malaria treatment policies in Vietnam. Moreover, it explores the feasibility of introducing triple artemisinin-based combination therapy (TACT) in Vietnam to support the national malaria control and elimination plan.

Methods: Data were collected via 12 in-depth interviews with key stakeholders, combined with a review of policy documents.

The 8-bromobaicalein alleviated chikungunya-induced musculoskeletal inflammation and reduced the viral load in healthy adult mice.

Chikungunya virus is a re-emerging arbovirus that has caused epidemic outbreaks in recent decades. Patients in older age groups with high viral load and severe immunologic response during acute infection are likely to develop chronic arthritis and severe joint pain. Currently, no antiviral drug is available.

Functional Duplication of the Short-Wavelength-Sensitive Opsin in Sea Snakes: Evidence for Reexpanded Color Sensitivity Following Ancestral Regression.

Color vision is mediated by ancient and spectrally distinct cone opsins. Yet, while there have been multiple losses of opsin genes during the evolution of tetrapods, evidence for opsin gains via functional duplication is extremely scarce. Previous studies have shown that some secondarily marine elapid snakes have acquired expanded "UV-blue" sensitivity via changes at key spectral tuning amino acid sites of the Short-Wavelength Opsin 1 (SWS1) gene.

The 8-bromobaicalein inhibited the replication of dengue, and Zika viruses and targeted the dengue polymerase.

Dengue and Zika viruses are mosquito-borne flaviviruses burdening millions every year with hemorrhagic fever and neurological symptoms. Baicalein was previously reported as a potential anti-flaviviral candidate and halogenation of flavones and flavanones potentiated their antiviral efficacies. Here, we reported that a chemically modified 8-bromobaicalein effectively inhibited all dengue serotypes and Zika viruses at 0.

Diagnosing sepsis in the ICU: Comparison of a gene expression signature to pre-existing biomarkers.

Purpose: We aimed to identify a gene signature that discriminates between sepsis and aseptic inflammation in patients administered antibiotics in the intensive care unit and compare it to commonly utilised sepsis biomarkers.

Methods: 91 patients commenced on antibiotics were retrospectively diagnosed as having: (i) blood culture positive sepsis; (ii) blood culture negative sepsis; or (iii) aseptic inflammation. Bloods were collected after <24 h of antibiotic commencement for both gene expression sequencing analysis and measurement of previously identified biomarkers.

Prevalence and risk factors for human papillomavirus infection among female sex workers in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: Female sex workers (FSWs) are at high risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and cervical cancer due to their high number of sexual partners. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of HPV and identify risk factors for high-risk HPV infection among FSWs in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Viet Nam.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Hanoi and HCMC between December 2017 and May 2018.

Design, synthesis, in vitro, in silico, and SAR studies of flavone analogs towards anti-dengue activity.

Flavone has recently been proved as a promising scaffold for the development of a novel drug against dengue fever, one of the major health threats globally. However, the structure-activity relationship study of flavones on the anti-dengue activity remains mostly limited to the natural-occuring analogs. Herein, 27 flavone analogs were successfully synthesized, of which 5 analogs (5e, 5h, 5o, 5q, and 5r) were novel.

Epstein-Barr virus-related dacryocystitis: a case report.

Background And Objective: Acute dacryocystitis is an atypical and rare manifestation of pediatric mononucleosis still widely underdiagnosed in clinical practice. We report this rare condition and describe challenges in its diagnosis and treatment on the basis of a presented case.

Case Presentation: A 6-year-old Caucasian girl without any ophthalmic history was admitted for right preseptal cellulitis requiring intravenous antibiotic therapy.

Aspersterols A-D, Ergostane-Type Sterols with an Unusual Unsaturated Side Chain from the Deep-Sea-Derived Fungus .

Four previously undescribed ergostane-type sterols, aspersterols A-D (-), were isolated from a deep-sea-derived fungus, IV17-109. The structures of the new compounds were determined by extensive analyses of their spectroscopic data, pyridine-induced deshielding effect, Mosher's method, and electronic circular dichroism calculations. The key feature of these sterols is the presence of a rare unsaturated side chain with conjugated double bonds at Δ and Δ.

Effect of Libosch extract on proliferation and cardiogenic pre-differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells.

Background: Vietnamese medicine tried and tested certain bioactive compounds from plants to increase the rate of tissue immunomodulation, regeneration, and differentiation. Although there are many research papers discovered about phytochemicals of Libosch and differentiation induction potential of some substances purified from this herbal, it finds difficult to seek research that investigated the effect of hot water-extracted Libosch (RGE) on proliferation and cardiogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, even though it has commonly been used for a long time because of its function as a restorative and as a critical role in cardiovascular treatment in traditional.

Results: Our research indicated that RGE has many predicted bio-pharmacological effects, and the RGE is demonstrated that it is non-toxic to UC-MSCs (IC50 = 1274 ppm).

Synthesis and Characterization of Polypyrrole Film Doped with Both Molybdate and Salicylate and Its Application in the Corrosion Protection for Low Carbon Steel.

Polypyrrole (PPy) films doped with molybdate and salicylate have been successfully electropolymerized on low carbon steel in aqueous solutions containing both molybdate and salicylate in a one-step process that did not require any pre-treatment of the steel substrate. Salicylate-doped PPy films were synthesized in the same way for comparison. The steel surface was rapidly inhibited and the PPy-based films were formed on it easily.

Prevalence and Determinants of Vaginal Infection With Human Papillomavirus Among Female University Students in Vietnam.

Background/aim: Cervical cancer is the second most common malignancy among women in Vietnam, but the country is yet to introduce a national human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine programme targeted at adolescents. We determined HPV prevalence and HPV vaccine knowledge among female university students in Vietnam.

Patients And Methods: We surveyed and screened 1,491 female university students in Hanoi, Hue, and Ho Chi Minh City for their sexual behaviours, HPV knowledge and low- and high-risk HPV infection.

Anal human papillomavirus prevalence and risk factors among men who have sex with men in Vietnam.

Objectives: Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at risk of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers, while published data are scarce. This study determined HPV prevalence and risk factors in MSM in Vietnam to inform HPV prevention strategies in this key population.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of 799 MSM aged 16-50 years was conducted in Vietnam in 2017-2018.

Reisolation and Structure Revision of Asperspiropene A.

Asperspiropene A was originally reported to have a unique 1,8-dioxaspiro[4.5]decane skeleton. During the course of our ongoing research for novel marine natural products, we isolated compound , which has identical 1D and 2D NMR data to asperspiropene A.

A genome-wide methylation study of body fat traits in the Norfolk Island isolate.

Background And Aims: Natural variation in body fat is explained by both genetic and environmental effects. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation can mediate these effects causing changes in gene expression leading to onset of obesity. Studies of genetic isolates have the potential to provide new epigenetic insights with advantages such as reduced genetic diversity and environmental exposures.

Epigenetic differences at the HTR2A locus in progressive multiple sclerosis patients.

The pathology of progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) is poorly understood. We have previously assessed DNA methylation in the CD4 T cells of relapsing-remitting (RR) MS patients compared to healthy controls and identified differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in HLA-DRB1 and RNF39. This study aimed to investigate the DNA methylation profiles of the CD4 T cells of progressive MS patients.