Serum phospholipid fatty acids are associated with bone mass in healthy 4-years-old children.

Background: Fatty acids are involved in bone development but knowledge in children is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate bone mass and mineral density in healthy preschool children in relation to fatty acids.

Material And Methods: In 111 healthy 4-yrs-old children (20 % overweight) bone was analysed by dual X-ray absorptiometry and serum phospholipid fatty acid by gas chromatography.

Association between anxiety and depression and all-cause mortality: a 50-year follow-up of the Population Study of Women in Gothenburg, Sweden.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the association between anxiety disorders and/or major depression disorder (ADs/MDD) and all-cause mortality in a 50-year perspective and to examine specific risk and health factors that may influence such an association.

Design: Observational population study, 1968-2019.

Setting: The Population Study of Women in Gothenburg, Sweden (PSWG).

Does mandibular bone structure predict subsequent height loss? A longitudinal cohort study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden.

Background: Several risk factors for loss of height with increasing age have been identified.

Objective: To investigate if mandibular bone structure predicts future height loss in middle-aged and elderly Swedish women.

Design: Prospective cohort study with longitudinally measured heights, radiographical assessments of the cortical bone using Klemetti's Index (normal, moderate or severely eroded cortex) and classification of the trabecular bone using an index proposed by Lindh (sparse, mixed or dense trabeculation).

Perception of higher frequency of daily hot flashes in 50-year-old women today: a study of trends over time during 48 years in the Population Study of Women in Gothenburg, Sweden.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine if there are any differences in the prevalence of daily hot flashes in 50-year-old women in a longitudinal perspective (from 1968 to 2017).

Methods: Cohort comparisons of four population-based samples of 50-year-old women born in 1918, 1930 (earlier-born cohorts), 1954, and 1966 (later-born cohorts) from the Prospective Population Study of Women in Gothenburg examined in 1968-1969, 1980-1981, 2004-2005, and 2016-2017. Questions about frequency of hot flashes have been formulated in the same way throughout all follow-up examinations.

Forty-four-year longitudinal study of stroke incidence and risk factors - the Prospective Population Study of Women in Gothenburg.

Objective: To assess stroke incidence over 44 years and association with risk factors. To study total stroke incidence at 60-82 years of age and risk factors.

Design: Prospective population study.

Determinants of non-response in a longitudinal study of participants in the Women and Alcohol in Gothenburg project.

Longitudinal assessment is useful for tracking patterns of alcohol use over time. Non-response is a common feature of longitudinal design and can bias estimates of alcohol use if there exist systematic differences between respondents and non-respondents. We investigated whether alcohol use, health status, and sociodemographic characteristics were determinants of non-response in a longitudinal cohort of women in the general population.

Atrial fibrillation in the elderly general population: a 30-year follow-up from 70 to 100 years of age.

There is limited knowledge of atrial fibrillation (AF) incidence among the very old. Data from longitudinal cohort studies may give us a better insight. The aim of the study was to investigate the incidence rate and prevalence of AF, as well as the impact of AF on mortality, in the general population, from 70 to 100 years of age.

Agreement between self-reports, proxy-reports and the National Patient Register regarding diagnoses of cardiovascular disorders and diabetes mellitus in a population-based sample of 80-year-olds.

Background: cognitive impairment is common among older adults, necessitating the use of collateral sources in epidemiological studies involving this age group. The objective of this study was to evaluate agreement between self- and proxy-reports of cardiovascular disorders and diabetes mellitus in a population-based sample of 80-year-olds. Further, both self- and proxy-reports were compared with hospital register data.

Cognitive and physical activity and dementia: A 44-year longitudinal population study of women.

Objective: To investigate whether cognitive and physical activities in midlife are associated with reduced risk of dementia and dementia subtypes in women followed for 44 years.

Methods: A population-based sample of 800 women aged 38-54 years (mean age 47 years) was followed from 1968 to 2012. Cognitive (artistic, intellectual, manual, religious, and club) and physical activity were assessed at baseline.

A 10-Year Follow-Up of Adiposity and Dementia in Swedish Adults Aged 70 Years and Older.

Background: Adiposity measured in mid- or late-life and estimated using anthropometric measures such as body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), or metabolic markers such as blood leptin and adiponectin levels, is associated with late-onset dementia risk. However, during later life, this association may reverse and aging- and dementia-related processes may differentially affect adiposity measures.

Objective: We explored associations of concurrent BMI, WHR, and blood leptin and high molecular weight adiponectin levels with dementia occurrence.

Evaluation of clinical and radiographic indices as predictors of osteoporotic fractures: a 10-year longitudinal study.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate 2 radiographic and 3 clinical indices as predictors of future osteoporotic fractures.

Study Design: In a prospective, longitudinal study with a 10-year fracture follow-up, the 2 radiographic indices mandibular cortical erosion (normal, mild/moderate erosion, and severe erosion of the inferior cortex) and cortex thickness were assessed using panoramic radiographs of 411 women, age 62 to 78 years. The clinical indices were the fracture assessment tool FRAX, the osteoporosis index of risk (OSIRIS), and the osteoporosis self-assessment tool (OST).

Dairy product intake and mortality in a cohort of 70-year-old Swedes: a contribution to the Nordic diet discussion.

Introduction: Conflicting results in the literature exist on the role of dairy products in the context of a Nordic Healthy Diet (NHD). Two recent Swedish studies indicate both negative and positive associations with total mortality when comparing key dairy products. There is no consensus about how to include these foods into the NHD.

FRAX and mandibular sparse trabeculation as fracture predictors: a longitudinal study from 1980 to 2002.

The fracture assessment tool (FRAX) is widely used for predicting fractures, but better methods are needed. The aim of this study was to determine whether visual assessments of mandibular trabecular bone could improve FRAX predictions. Three age-cohorts of women were examined twice - 499 women in 1980/1981 and 412 women in 1992/1993; 397 participated in both examinations.

A 32-year longitudinal study of alcohol consumption in Swedish women: Reduced risk of myocardial infarction but increased risk of cancer.

Objective: To assess associations between the intake of different types of alcoholic beverages and the 32-year incidence of myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes, and cancer, as well as mortality, in a middle-aged female population.

Design: Prospective study.

Setting: Gothenburg, Sweden, population about 430 000.

Survival with cerebral palsy over five decades in western Sweden.

Aim: The life expectancy of individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) is often reduced compared with the general population. Long-term survival with CP is rarely reported. The aim of this study was to investigate survival and the causes of death in relation to CP type and motor and accompanying impairments documented in the CP register of western Sweden over five decades.

Lower urinary tract symptoms are associated with low levels of serum serotonin, high levels of adiponectin and fasting glucose, and benign prostatic enlargement.

Objective: The aim of this study was to test whether lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and urinary incontinence are associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS). The association between LUTS and benign prostatic enlargement (BPE) was also investigated.

Material And Methods: A cross-sectional, representative risk factor analysis of LUTS, as measured by the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), and urinary incontinence was conducted.

Personality in women and associations with mortality: a 40-year follow-up in the population study of women in Gothenburg.

Background: The question of whether personality traits influence health has long been a focus for research and discussion. Therefore, this study was undertaken to examine possible associations between personality traits and mortality in women.

Methods: A population-based sample of women aged 38, 46, 50 and 54 years at initial examination in 1968-69 was followed over the course of 40 years.

Serum estradiol associates with blood hemoglobin in elderly men: the MrOS Sweden study.

Context: Blood hemoglobin (Hb) declines with age in healthy elderly men, in whom decreasing T has been regarded as part of normal aging. However, the association between Hb and serum estradiol is incompletely known.

Objective: To determine whether estradiol is associated with anemia/Hb and established determinants of Hb in elderly men without prostate cancer.

Determinants of sexual activity in four birth cohorts of Swedish 70-year-olds examined 1971-2001.

Introduction: Knowledge about determinants of sexual activity in older adults in the general population is limited. Human senescence has been delayed by a decade, and people are reaching old age in better health.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate determinants of sexual activity in four birth cohorts of non-demented 70-year-olds examined in 1971-1977 and 1992-2001.

Secular changes in the relation between social factors and depression: a study of two birth cohorts of Swedish septuagenarians followed for 5 years.

Background: Rapid societal changes occurred in the Western world during the 20(th) century. It is not clear whether this has changed the relation between social factors and depression in older people.

Methods: Representative samples of 70-year-olds from Gothenburg, Sweden, were examined with identical psychiatric examinations in 1971-72 (N=392; 226 women and 166 men) and 2000-01 (N=499; 270 women and 229 men).

Low 25-OH vitamin D is associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Purpose: We tested the hypothesis that low vitamin D is associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia. We also studied whether body composition, sex hormones, serum sex hormone-binding globulin, albumin corrected serum calcium, adiponectin and lipid status are associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Materials And Methods: We investigated 184 representative, randomly selected men 72 to 76 years old enrolled in the Gothenburg arm of the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS).

Longitudinal assessment of bone mineral density in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease.

Objectives: Low bone mineral density (BMD) is recognized as a potential problem in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We aimed to describe the longitudinal development of BMD in a population of Swedish pediatric patients with IBD.

Methods: A total of 144 patients with IBD (93 males; 83 with ulcerative colitis [UC], 45 with Crohn disease [CD]) were examined with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at baseline.

Anticipatory grief among close relatives of persons with dementia in comparison with close relatives of patients with cancer.

Close relatives of persons with dementia self-reported reactions on the Anticipatory Grief Scale (AGS), were observed by nurses (Study I), and compared with relatives of cancer patients in a study using the same methodology (Study II). Study I showed an overall stressful situation including feelings of missing and longing, inability to accept the terminal fact, preoccupation with the ill, tearfulness, sleeping problems, anger, loneliness, and a need to talk. The ability to cope was, however, reported high.

Mercury in serum predicts low risk of death and myocardial infarction in Gothenburg women.

Purpose: Markers of mercury (Hg) exposure have shown both positive and negative associations with cardiovascular disease (CVD). We assessed the association between serum Hg (S-Hg) and risk of cardiovascular disease in a prospective population-based cohort, with attention to the roles of dental health and fish consumption.

Methods: Total mortality, as well as morbidity and mortality from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stroke, was followed up for 32 years in 1,391 women (initially age 38-60), in relation to S-Hg at baseline, using Cox regression models.