Pediatric lower extremity splinting and bracing techniques.

Pediatric splinting and bracing techniques may be effectively used in the treatment of lower extremity rotational deformities. Early diagnosis coupled with the timely implementation of these techniques allows the practitioner to enhance normal development of the pediatric patient's lower extremities.

The use of gait plates for in-toed and out-toed deformities.

One of the most common pediatric abnormalities treated by podiatrists is an angle-of-gait disturbance. Prior to the initiation of treatment, it is imperative that the practitioner determines both the cause and extent of the problem. At this point, the practitioner will be able to determine what the most appropriate treatment should be.

Synovial osteochondromatosis. A brief review.

An unusual clinical finding is presented with a brief review of the literature. Synovial osteochondromatosis is typically a benign process involving metaplasia of the synovial intima and the formation of cartilaginous nodules that may eventually become ossified. Synovial osteochondromatosis should always be considered as a differential diagnosis whenever a patient presents with pain, swelling, and loss of function at or around a joint.

Tibial torsion. Normal values in children.

In-toeing and out-toeing are common foot problems, and frequently are caused by torsional abnormalities of the tibia. Malleolar position, and thus tibial torsion, was measured in 281 children, 1 1/2 to 6 years of age, with a Tractograph, and normal values for the different age groups were determined. The authors discuss the clinical significance of torsional abnormalities of the tibia regarding gait.

Biomechanical evaluation of the child.

This article attempts to provide a complete and systematic approach to conducting a thorough lower extremity biomechanical examination for the child. It is hoped that the material presented here will allow you, the practitioner, to conduct a thorough and relevant series of examination techniques. Once these techniques are perfected and performed efficiently, you will be capable of providing effective and appropriate care for your pediatric patients.