Light-regulated microRNAs shape dynamic gene expression in the zebrafish circadian clock.

A key property of the circadian clock is that it is reset by light to remain synchronized with the day-night cycle. An attractive model to explore light input to the circadian clock in vertebrates is the zebrafish. Circadian clocks in zebrafish peripheral tissues and even zebrafish-derived cell lines are entrainable by direct light exposure thus providing unique insight into the function and evolution of light regulatory pathways.

Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling and Oxidative Stress: Transcriptional Regulation and Evolution.

Since the evolution of the aerobic metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have represented significant challenges to diverse life forms. In recent decades, increasing knowledge has revealed a dual role for ROS in cell physiology, showing they serve as a major source of cellular damage while also functioning as important signaling molecules in various biological processes. Our understanding of ROS homeostasis and ROS-mediated cellular signaling pathways has presumed that they are ancient and highly conserved mechanisms shared by most organisms.

Pathways to prevent e-cigarette use: Examining the effectiveness of the truth antivaping campaign.

Objective: Mass media campaigns have been designed to counter a rise in e-cigarette use among young people. No studies to date have established pathways from campaign exposure to e-cigarette use behaviors. This study examines the mechanisms through which exposure to the truth® campaign may prevent the progression of e-cigarette use among youth and young adults.

Role of melanocortin system in the locomotor activity rhythms and melatonin secretion as revealed by agouti-signalling protein (asip1) overexpression in zebrafish.

Temporal signals such as light and temperature cycles profoundly modulate animal physiology and behaviour. Via endogenous timing mechanisms which are regulated by these signals, organisms can anticipate cyclic environmental changes and thereby enhance their fitness. The pineal gland in fish, through the secretion of melatonin, appears to play a critical role in the circadian system, most likely acting as an element of the circadian clock system.

Pathways to Quitting E-cigarettes Among Youth and Young Adults: Evidence From the truth® Campaign.

Purpose: This study examines the pathways through which e-cigarette users' awareness of the truth® campaign influences e-cigarette use frequency over time.

Design And Setting: Data included four waves (2020-2023) of the Truth Longitudinal Cohort, a probability-based, nationally representative survey.

Participants: The analytic sample was 15-24-year-olds who reported current e-cigarette use at baseline (N = 718).

Patterns of Daily Cigarette and E-cigarette Use among United States Youth and Young Adults: Insights from the Truth Longitudinal Cohort between 2018 and 2019.

Purpose: Temporal patterns of daily tobacco product use among ever users from the Truth Longitudinal Cohort (TLC) between 2018 and 2019 were explored.

Methods: The sample (N = 5274) includes individuals (15-36 years), residing in the United States, who had ever used any tobacco product at Wave 7 (February - May 2018) and provided tobacco use information at Wave 9 (September - December 2019).

Results: There was a nonsignificant 1.

E-cigarette use behaviors of Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander youth in the contiguous United States: Insights from the Monitoring the Future Study (2018-2019).

This study examines e-cigarette use behaviors of Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander (AANHPI) youth, in relation to other racial/ethnic groups in the United States. Data were obtained from the 2018 and 2019 Monitoring the Future surveys, which include a random, probability-based sample of youth in 8th, 10th, and 12th grades surveyed annually across the contiguous United States. Respondents provided information on race/ethnicity and e-cigarette use (n = 42,980).

Reducing e-cigarette use among youth and young adults: evidence of the truth campaign's impact.

Background: Mass media campaigns have been shown to be effective in reducing cigarette use. However, evidence is limited for whether campaigns can shift e-cigarette use among youth and young adults (YYA). To assess the impact of the truth anti-e-cigarette campaign, which focused on the effects of vaping on mental health, this study examines the relationship between campaign awareness and e-cigarette behaviour among YYA.

Vaping-Know the Truth: Evaluation of an Online Vaping Prevention Curriculum.

Background: Unacceptably high levels of e-cigarette use among youth paired with growing research about the dangers of vaping demonstrate a critical need to develop interventions that educate young people to reject e-cigarette use and promote cessation for current users. Vaping: Know the Truth (VKT) is a free digital learning experience prioritizing middle and high school students that aims to improve students' knowledge about the dangers of using e-cigarettes and provide quitting resources for those who already vape. The current study was designed to evaluate whether students receiving the curriculum increased knowledge of the dangers of vaping.

Content analysis of tobacco imagery in popular music Videos, 2018-2021.

Exposure to tobacco imagery in movies and television has been identified as a key factor to youth smoking initiation (Davis, 2008; Bennett et al., 2020). This study aims to investigate the prevalence of tobacco imagery in popular music videos from 2018 to 2021.

Checkpoint Travel Numbers as a Proxy Variable in Population-Based Studies During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Validation Study.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic had wide-ranging systemic impacts, with implications for social and behavioral factors in human health. The pandemic may introduce history bias in population-level research studies of other health topics during the COVID-19 period.

Objective: We sought to identify and validate an accessible, flexible measure to serve as a covariate in research spanning the COVID-19 pandemic period.

Youth E-Cigarette Initiation After the Food and Drug Administration's Missed Deadline.

Introduction: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration was ordered to evaluate electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) products by September 9, 2021, but missed the court-ordered deadline.

Use of a multi-method approach to rapidly assess the impact of public health policies at the state and local level: a case study of flavored e-cigarette policies.

Background: E-cigarettes are the most-commonly used tobacco product by youth since 2014. To prevent youth access and use of e-cigarettes, many U.S.

A resurgence of e-cigarette use among adolescents and young adults late in the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, e-cigarette use significantly declined among young people due, in part, to losing access through social sources. As the pandemic progressed, adolescents and young adults gained opportunities to resume contact with peers. This study sought to determine whether e-cigarette use has returned to pre-pandemic levels among adolescents and young adults.

E-cigarette Device Type, Source, and Use Behaviors of Youth and Young Adults: Findings from the Truth Longitudinal Cohort (2020-2021).

E-cigarette device types vary in the amount of nicotine delivered to users. Given that youth and young adults are using pod-based and disposable e-cigarettes with high nicotine concentrations, it is important to determine how e-cigarette use behaviors associated with nicotine dependence may differ across e-cigarette device type. Baseline information was collected from September 2020 to March 2021 and follow-up information was collected from July to October 2021 from the Truth Longitudinal Cohort.

Establishment of cell lines from individual zebrafish embryos.

With the increasing use of fish as model species for research, cell cultures derived from caudal fin explants as well as pre-hatching stage embryos have provided powerful tools that can complement or serve as an ethically more acceptable alternative to live animal experiments. The widely-used protocols to establish these lines require, as a starting point, homogeneous pools of embryos or viable adult fish which are large enough for collecting sufficient fin tissue. This excludes the use of fish lines with adverse phenotypes or lines that exhibit mortality at early developmental stages and so can only be propagated as heterozygotes.

Perceived Sensory Characteristics of Blended and Ambiguous "Concept" Flavors Among Adolescent and Young Adult E-cigarette Users.

Introduction: Flavors with names describing blended tastes/sensations or with ambiguous terminology ("concept flavors") are available on the e-cigarette market.

Aims And Methods: This study investigates adolescent and young adult use and sensory perceptions of blended and concept flavors. Current e-cigarette users aged 15-24 years (N = 2281) completed an online convenience sample survey (October 20-November 23, 2020) and rated the sensory attributes (fruity, cooling, sweet, and minty) of their current flavor(s) using nine-point scales.

Underage Youth Continue to Obtain E-Cigarettes from Retail Sources in 2022: Evidence from the Truth Continuous Tracking Survey.

(1) Background: This study aims to describe the primary sources of e-cigarettes among young people and to explore how these sources may differ by individual-level characteristics. (2) Methods: Data were obtained from a cross-sectional, continuous tracking survey of participants. The analytic sample includes current e-cigarette users (aged 15-20 years) surveyed from January to August 2022 (N = 1296).

Risk and safety profile of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS): an umbrella review to inform ENDS health communication strategies.

Objectives: This umbrella review aims to summarise the evidence about electronic nicotine delivery systems' (ENDS) risk and safety health profile to inform ENDS health communication strategies.

Data Sources And Study Selection: Six databases were searched for systematic reviews presenting evidence on ENDS-related health effects. Ninety reviews divided into five categories were included: toxicity=20, health effects=40, role in smoking cessation=24, role in transition to combustible cigarettes (CCs)=13 and industry marketing claims=4.

Impact of Massachusetts law prohibiting flavored tobacco products sales on cross-border cigarette sales.

Background: In June 2020, Massachusetts implemented a law prohibiting the sale of all flavored tobacco products, including menthol cigarettes. This law was associated with significant declines in overall cigarette and menthol cigarette sales in Massachusetts, however it is unknown whether the law has increased cross-border sales in neighboring states where menthol cigarettes are still sold.

Methods: U.

Assessing the Feasibility of Studying Awareness of a Digital Health Campaign on Facebook: Pilot Study Comparing Young Adult Subsamples.

Background: Mass media campaigns for preventive health messaging have been shown to be effective through years of research. However, few studies have assessed the effectiveness of campaigns on digital media, which is currently how youths and young adults are primarily consuming media. In particular, a platform that can accurately assess exposure to digital messaging in a real-life setting has yet to be developed.

Transitions in Frequent to Daily Tobacco and Nicotine Use among Youth and Young Adults.

To examine use and frequency patterns across e-cigarettes, cigarettes, and little cigars, cigarillos, and cigars (LCCs) over time. Data were obtained from the Truth Longitudinal Cohort (TLC), a nationally representative longitudinal cohort of youth and young adults. Latent class analysis was conducted to classify participants (n = 5274) into subgroups based upon frequency of use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and little cigars, cigarillos, and cigars (LCCs) in the past 30 days.

Developing the Message Assessment Scale for Tobacco Prevention Campaigns: Cross-sectional Validation Study.

Background: Mass media campaigns are effective for influencing a broad range of health behaviors. Prior to launching a campaign, developers often conduct ad testing to help identify the strengths and weaknesses of the message executions among the campaign's target audience. This process allows for changes to be made to ads, making them more relevant to or better received by the target audience before they are finalized.

Belief and Recall of Nicotine as Therapeutic for COVID-19 May Undermine E-Cigarette Quitting Behavior.

We examine the proposition that misinformation about the therapeutic potential of nicotine to prevent or treat COVID-19 may lead to relapse among attempted e-cigarette quitters. A sample of 507 e-cigarette ever-users who reported at least one quit attempt in the past year were surveyed in June of 2021 for recall and belief in several claims about COVID-19 and nicotine. Participants who recalled and believed at least one misinformation claim were significantly more likely to have relapsed than those who did not recall or believe such claims.