Preparation of antibacterial and radio-opaque dental resin with new polymerizable quaternary ammonium monomer.

Objective: A new polymerizable quaternary ammonium monomer (IPhene) with iodine anion was synthesized and incorporated into Bis-GMA/TEGDMA (50/50, wt/wt) to prepare antibacterial and radio-opaque dental resin.

Methods: IPhene was synthesized through a 2-steps reaction route, and its structure was confirmed by FT-IR and (1)H-NMR spectra. IPhene was incorporated into Bis-GMA/TEGDMA (50/50, wt/wt) with a series of mass fraction (from 10 wt.

Outcomes of cranioplasty with synthetic materials and autologous bone grafts.

Objective: Using current surgical methods, cranioplasty is associated with a high complication rate. We analyzed if there are preexisting medical conditions associated with complications and compared the effect of different implant materials on the degree of complications.

Methods: A retrospective review of the medical records of all patients who underwent cranioplasty for cranial bone defects during the period 2002-2012 was conducted, and 100 consecutive cranioplasty procedures that met eligibility criteria were identified.

Fracture strengths of chair-side-generated veneers cemented with glass fibers.

Introduction: CAD/CAM (computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing) systems have refreshed the idea of chair-side production of restorations, but the fracture of ceramic veneers remains a problem. Cementation with glass fibers may improve the fracture strengths and affect the failure modes of CAD/CAM-generated ceramic veneers. Therefore, this study compared the fracture strengths of ceramic veneers produced at chair side and cemented with or without glass fibers with those of composite veneers.

Paediatric cranial defect reconstruction using bioactive fibre-reinforced composite implant: early outcomes.

Background: In children, approximately half of cryopreserved allograft bone flaps fail due to infection and resorption. Synthetic materials offer a solution for allograft bone flap resorption. Fibre-reinforced composite with a bioactive glass particulate filling is a new synthetic material for bone reconstruction.

Fiber glass-bioactive glass composite for bone replacing and bone anchoring implants.

Objective: Although metal implants have successfully been used for decades, devices made out of metals do not meet all clinical requirements, for example, metal objects may interfere with some new medical imaging systems, while their stiffness also differs from natural bone and may cause stress-shielding and over-loading of bone.

Methods: Peer-review articles and other scientific literature were reviewed for providing up-dated information how fiber-reinforced composites and bioactive glass can be utilized in implantology.

Results: There has been a lot of development in the field of composite material research, which has focused to a large extent on biodegradable composites.

Effect of several intracanal medicaments on the push-out bond strength of ProRoot MTA and Biodentine.

Aim: To evaluate the effect of prior application of several intracanal medicaments on the push-out bond strength of ProRoot MTA and Biodentine.

Methodology: Sixty freshly extracted maxillary anterior teeth were sectioned below the cementoenamel junction, and the root canals instrumented using rotary files. Thereafter, a parallel post drill was used to obtain a standardized root canal dimension.

In vitro assessment of the soft tissue/implant interface using porcine gingival explants.

The biologic seal of peri-implant soft tissue is crucial for long-term prognosis of oral implants. This in vitro study describes a novel tissue culture model using porcine gingival explants to evaluate the soft tissue/implant interface. Two different types of substrates were investigated: (a) plain polymer: BisGMA-TEGDMA (50-50 %) and (b) unidirectional fiber-reinforced composite (FRC).

Oxygen inhibition layer of composite resins: effects of layer thickness and surface layer treatment on the interlayer bond strength.

An oxygen inhibition layer develops on surfaces exposed to air during polymerization of particulate filling composite. This study assessed the thickness of the oxygen inhibition layer of short-fiber-reinforced composite in comparison with conventional particulate filling composites. The effect of an oxygen inhibition layer on the shear bond strength of incrementally placed particulate filling composite layers was also evaluated.

Inkjet printing of Chitlac-nanosilver--a method to create functional coatings for non-metallic bone implants.

Biostable fiber-reinforced composites, based on bisphenol-A-dimethacrylate and triethyleneglycoldimethacrylate thermoset polymer matrix reinforced with E-glass fibers have been successfully used in cranial reconstructions and the material has been approved for clinical use. As a further refinement of these implants, antimicrobial, non-cytotoxic coatings on the composites were created by an immersion procedure driven by strong electrostatic interactions. Silver nanoparticles (nAg) were immobilized in lactose-modified chitosan (Chitlac) to prepare the bacteriostatic coatings.

Evaluation of intensity of artefacts in CBCT by radio-opacity of composite simulation models of implants in vitro.

Objectives: The aim was to compare the intensity of artefacts in CBCT images caused by different percentages of radio-opacifying material in composite simulation models of implants. Titanium and zirconia models of implants were used as a reference for the evaluation of the intensity of artefacts.

Methods: Seven different percentages of radio-opacifying BaAlSiO2 fillers were added to composite resin to fabricate seven step wedges and simulation models of implants.

Mechanical properties and in vivo performance of load-bearing fiber-reinforced composite intramedullary nails with improved torsional strength.

Fiber-reinforced composites (FRC) could be feasible materials for fracture fixation devices if the mechanical properties of the composites are congruent with the local structural properties of bone. In a recently developed FRC implant, bisphenol A dimethacrylate (BisGMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) resin was reinforced with unidirectional E-glass fibers. The addition of a braided glass fiber sleeving to the unidirectional fibers increased the torsional strength (99.

Osseointegration of fiber-reinforced composite implants: histological and ultrastructural observations.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the bone tissue response to fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) in comparison with titanium (Ti) implants after 12 weeks of implantation in cancellous bone using histomorphometric and ultrastructural analysis.

Materials And Methods: Thirty grit-blasted cylindrical FRC implants with BisGMA-TEGDMA polymer matrix were fabricated and divided into three groups: (1) 60s light-cured FRC (FRC-L group), (2) 24h polymerized FRC (FRC group), and (3) bioactive glass FRC (FRC-BAG group). Titanium implants were used as a control group.

Effect of heat treatment of polymethyl methacrylate powder on mechanical properties of denture base resin.

Objectives: The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of heat treatment of polymethyl methacrylate powder on mechanical properties of denture base resin.

Methods: PMMA powder was applied after heat treatment at 100°C for 2h (code: HT100) or 130°C for 2h (code: HT130). The test specimens were fabricated from autopolymerizing resin to investigate the flexural properties of denture base resin cross-linked with methacrylated dendrimer, the surface microhardness of PMMA beads, and the thickness of the swollen layer of PMMA beads.

High-aspect ratio fillers: fiber-reinforced composites and their anisotropic properties.

Objectives: To present an overview of fiber-reinforced composites (FRCs) that are a group of non-metallic dental biomaterials used in several fields of dentistry.

Methods: A range of relevant publications from the past half century are surveyed, with emphasis upon recent publications.

Results: FRCs vary according to the type of fiber fillers and orientation of fibers, the latter being responsible for several properties which can vary from isotropic to anisotropic.

Synthesis of antibacterial and radio-opaque dimethacrylate monomers and their potential application in dental resin.

Objective: In this study, three dimethacrylate quaternary ammonium compounds N,N-bis[2-(3-(methacryloyloxy)propanamido)ethyl]-N-methyldodecyl ammonium iodide (QADMAI-12), N,N-bis[2-(3-(methacryloyloxy)propanamido)ethyl]-N-methylhexadecyl-ammonium iodide (QADMAI-16), and N,N-bis[2-(3-(methacryloyloxy)propanamido)ethyl]-N-methyloctadectyl ammonium iodide (QADMAI-18) were synthesized and proposed to be used as antibacterial and radio-opaque agents in dental resin.

Methods: All QADMAIs were synthesized through a 2-steps reaction route, and their structures were confirmed by FT-IR and 1H NMR spectra. Antibacterial activities against Streptococcus mutans (S.

Factors affecting the mechanical behavior of Y-TZP.

Aim: The aim was to evaluate the influence of sandblasting with various propulsion pressures on the phase transformation, flexural strength and Weibull modulus of a yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline ceramic (Y-TPZ). In addition, the susceptibility of cyclic loading and low-temperature degradation under two different conditions (chemical and thermal aging) was investigated.

Materials And Methods: The specimens [105bar-shaped specimens (19.

Effect of implant design and bioactive glass coating on biomechanical properties of fiber-reinforced composite implants.

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of implant design and bioactive glass (BAG) coating on the response of bone to fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) implants. Three different FRC implant types were manufactured for the study: non-threaded implants with a BAG coating; threaded implants with a BAG coating; and threaded implants with a grit-blasted surface. Thirty-six implants (six implants for each group per time point) were installed in the tibiae of six pigs.

Influence of water sorption on mechanical properties of injection-molded thermoplastic denture base resins.

Objective: This study investigated the influence of water sorption on certain mechanical properties of injection-molded thermoplastic denture base resins.

Materials And Methods: Six thermoplastic resins (two polyamides, two polyesters, one polycarbonate, one polymethylmethacrylate) and a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) conventional heat-polymerized denture-based polymer, selected as a control, were tested. Specimens of each denture base material were fabricated according to ISO 1567 specifications and were either dry or water-immersed for 30 days (n = 10).

Effect of heat treatment of wood on the morphology, surface roughness and penetration of simulated and human blood.

Background: Wood has been used as a model material for the development of novel fiber-reinforced composite bone substitute biomaterials. In previous studies heat treatment of wood was perceived to significantly increase the osteoconductivity of implanted wood material.

Aim: The objective of this study was to examine some of the changing attributes of wood materials that may contribute to improved biological responses gained with heat treatment.

Monomer priming of denture teeth and its effects on the bond strength of composite resin.

Statement Of Problem: The bond strength of acrylic resin denture teeth used as pontics in fiber-reinforced composite fixed dental prostheses needs to be improved.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of various chemical surface-conditioning monomers on the ridge-lap surface of acrylic resin denture teeth by determining the strength of their bonding to a composite resin and changes in surface hardness.

Material And Methods: Acrylic resin denture teeth of 2 different brands (Artic 8 and Vitapan Cuspiform) (n=120) were tested.

Bioactive glass particulate filler composite: Effect of coupling of fillers and filler loading on some physical properties.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of silanization of biostable and bioactive glass fillers in a polymer matrix on some of the physical properties of the composite.

Methods: The water absorption, solubility, flexural strength, flexural modulus and toughness of different particulate filler composite resins were studied in vitro. Five different specimen groups were analyzed: A glass-free control, a non-silanized bioactive glass, a silanized bioactive glass, a non-silanized biostable glass and a silanized biostable glass groups.

Fracture resistance of endodontically restored, weakened incisors.

Objectives: To test the fracture strength of weakened bovine incisors endodontically treated with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), calcium phosphate bone cement (CPBC) or fibre reinforced composite (FRC) posts, and to evaluate the fracture mode.

Methods: Weakened bovine incisors (n = 75), standardized according to the dentinal wall thickness at the cervical area, were randomly assigned to one control group and three experimental groups. Unfilled teeth were assigned to group 1 (n = 20) and served as control group.

Flexural strength,water sorption and solubility of a methylmethacrylate-free denture base polymer reinforced with glass fibre reinforcement.

A methylmethacrylate-free denture base polymer (Eclipse) in comparison to a conventional denture base polymer (Palapress vario) was evaluated after water saturation and Stick glass fibre reinforcement. The data were analysed with ANOVA at a = 0.05.

Optimizing the concentration of quaternary ammonium dimethacrylate monomer in bis-GMA/TEGDMA dental resin system for antibacterial activity and mechanical properties.

Four novel quaternary ammonium dimethacrylate monomers named IMQ (side alkyl chain length from 12 to 18) were synthesized with the aim to synthesize dental resin with antibacterial activity. All of IMQs were added into bis-GMA/TEGDMA dental resin system with a series of mass ratio (5, 10, and 20 wt%), double bond conversion (DC), flexural strength (FS), modulus of elasticity (FM) and biofilm formation inhibitory effect were studied. According to the results of DC, FS, FM, and the biofilm inhibitory effect, IMQ-16 containing polymer had the best comprehensive properties, and the optimal concentration of IMQ-16 in bis-GMA/TEGDMA dental resin would be in the range of 5-10 wt%.

Fiber-reinforced composite fixed dental prostheses with various pontics.

Purpose: To evaluate the load-bearing capacities of fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) fixed dental prostheses (FDP) with pontics of various materials and thicknesses.

Materials And Methods: Inlay preparations for retaining FDPs were made in a polymer phantom model. Seventy-two FDPs with frameworks made of continuous unidirectional glass fibers (everStick C&B) were fabricated.