Canonical Typicality under General Quantum Channels.

With the control of increasingly complex quantum systems, the relevant degrees of freedom we are interested in may not be those traditionally addressed by statistical quantum mechanics. Here, we employ quantum channels to define generalized subsystems, capturing the pertinent degrees of freedom, and obtain their associated canonical state. We show that the generalized subsystem description from almost any microscopic pure state of the whole system will behave similarly to its corresponding canonical state.

Comparing two spatial variables with the probability of agreement.

Computing the agreement between 2 continuous sequences is of great interest in statistics when comparing 2 instruments or one instrument with a gold standard. The probability of agreement quantifies the similarity between 2 variables of interest, and it is useful for determining what constitutes a practically important difference. In this article, we introduce a generalization of the PA for the treatment of spatial variables.

Surgical care and trauma patients capacity in Piura, Perú - Cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Low and medium income countries face challenges in access and delivery of surgical care, resulting in a high number of deaths and disabled individuals.

Objective: To estimate the capacity to provide surgical and trauma care in public hospitals in the Piura region, Perú, a middle income country.

Methods: A survey was administered in public hospitals in the Peruvian region of Piura, which combined the Spanish versions of the PIPES and INTACT surveys, and the WHO situational analysis tool.

Two-stage esophagojejunal anastomosis: An alternative reconstruction in emergency gastrectomy for high-risk gastric cancer patients.

Emergency total gastrectomy for patients with gastric cancer who are in shock carries a high risk of esophagojejunal anastomosis leakage. No alternatives have been reported to reduce this risk. This study reports two patients with gastric cancer who were in shock and underwent emergency gastrectomy and two-stage esophagojejunal anastomosis with good results.

How COVID-19 has affected emergent visits to a Latin-American trauma department: Experience at a Peruvian national trauma referral center.

Introduction: By May 2020, Peru was the country with the third most COVID-19 cases in the Americas. The current study's overall aim was to examine the impact of the current COVID-19 outbreak on the number of non-COVID-related patient presentations to a major national emergency traumatology/orthopedics referral center in Latin America.

Methods: An observational study was performed at one of Peru's main tertiary trauma referral centers, during the current COVID-19 pandemic.

Analysis of cell-biomaterial interaction through cellular bridge formation in the interface between hGMSCs and CaP bioceramics.

The combination of biomaterials and stem cells for clinical applications constitute a great challenge in bone tissue engineering. Hence, cellular networks derived from cells-biomaterials crosstalk have a profound influence on cell behaviour and communication, preceding proliferation and differentiation. The purpose of this study was to investigate in vitro cellular networks derived from human gingival mesenchymal stem cells (hGMSCs) and calcium phosphate (CaP) bioceramic interaction.

Importance sampling with imperfect cloning for the computation of generalized Lyapunov exponents.

We revisit the numerical calculation of generalized Lyapunov exponents, L(q), in deterministic dynamical systems. The standard method consists of adding noise to the dynamics in order to use importance sampling algorithms. Then L(q) is obtained by taking the limit noise-amplitude → 0 after the calculation.

From synchronous to one-time delayed dynamics in coupled maps.

We study the completely synchronized states (CSSs) of a system of coupled logistic maps as a function of three parameters: interaction strength (ɛ), range of the interaction (α), that can vary from first neighbors to global coupling, and a parameter (β) that allows one to scan continuously from nondelayed to one-time delayed dynamics. In the α-ɛ plane we identify periodic orbits, limit cycles, and chaotic trajectories, and describe how these structures change with delay. These features can be explained by studying the bifurcation diagrams of a two-dimensional nondelayed map.

Generalized Lyapunov exponents of the random harmonic oscillator: cumulant expansion approach.

The cumulant expansion is used to estimate generalized Lyapunov exponents of the random-frequency harmonic oscillator. Three stochastic processes are considered: Gaussian white noise, Ornstein-Uhlenbeck, and Poisson shot noise. In some cases, nontrivial numerical difficulties arise.

Outcome after laparoscopic enucleation for non-functional neuroendocrine pancreatic tumours.

Background: Non-functional endocrine pancreatic tumours (NPT) of more than 2 cm have an increased risk of malignancy. The aim of the present study was: (i) to define the guidelines for laparoscopic enucleation (LapEn) in patients with a non-functional NPT ≤3 cm in diameter; (ii) to evaluate pancreas-related complications; and (iii) to present the long-term outcome.

Methods: Between April 1998 and September 2010, 30 consecutive patients underwent laparoscopic surgery for a non-functional NPT (median age 56.

Transfer matrices and circuit representation for the semiclassical traces of the baker map.

Because of a formal equivalence with the partition function of an Ising chain, the semiclassical traces of the quantum baker map can be calculated using the transfer-matrix method. We analyze the transfer matrices associated with the baker map and the symmetry-reflected baker map (the latter happens to be unitary but the former is not). In both cases simple quantum-circuit representations are obtained, which exhibit the typical structure of qubit quantum bakers.

Semiclassical description of wave packet revival.

We test the ability of semiclassical theory to describe quantitatively the revival of quantum wave packets-a long time phenomena-in the one dimensional quartic oscillator (a Kerr type Hamiltonian). Two semiclassical theories are considered: time-dependent WKB and Van Vleck propagation. We show that both approaches describe with impressive accuracy the autocorrelation function and wave function up to times longer than the revival time.

Semiclassical propagation of Gaussian wave packets.

We analyze the semiclassical evolution of Gaussian wave packets in chaotic systems. We show that after some short time a Gaussian wave packet becomes a primitive WKB state. From then on, the state can be propagated using the standard time-dependent WKB scheme.

Large-scale chromatin decondensation induced in a developmentally activated transgene locus.

The high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin-encoding genes in wheat are developmentally activated in the endosperm at about 8 days after anthesis. We have investigated the physical changes that occur in these genes in two transgenic lines containing about 20 and 50 copies each of the HMW glutenin genes together with their promoters. Using fluorescence in-situ hybridisation (FISH) and confocal imaging, we demonstrate that, in non-expressing tissue, each transgene locus consists of one or two highly condensed sites, which decondense into many foci upon activation of transcription in endosperm nuclei.

Classical-quantum correspondence for the scattering dwell time.

Using results from the theory of dynamical systems, we derive a general expression for the classical average scattering dwell time tau . Remarkably, tau depends only on a ratio of phase space volumes. We further show that, for a wide class of systems, the average classical dwell time is not in correspondence with the energy average of the quantum Wigner time delay.

Random matrix ensembles from nonextensive entropy.

The classical Gaussian ensembles of random matrices can be constructed by maximizing Boltzmann-Gibbs-Shannon's entropy, S(BGS) = -integral dH[P(H)]ln[P(H)], with suitable constraints. Here, we construct and analyze random-matrix ensembles arising from the generalized entropy S(q) = [1- integral dH [P(H)](q)] /(q-1) (thus, S1 = S(BGS) ). The resulting ensembles are characterized by a parameter q measuring the degree of nonextensivity of the entropic form.

Lyapunov exponent of many-particle systems: testing the stochastic approach.

The stochastic approach to the determination of the largest Lyapunov exponent of a many-particle system is tested in the so-called mean-field XY Hamiltonians. In weakly chaotic regimes, the stochastic approach relates the Lyapunov exponent to a few statistical properties of the Hessian matrix of the interaction, which can be calculated as suitable thermal averages. We have verified that there is a satisfactory quantitative agreement between theory and simulations in the disordered phases of the XY models, either with attractive or repulsive interactions.

Stable wheat transformation obtained without selectable markers.

Transgenic wheat plants without the selectable marker gene were obtained either in the presence or in the absence of selective pressure during the transformation protocol. When using hygromycin as selective agent in a co-transformation experiment involving a mixture of plasmids pGL2, containing the hpt gene, and pAI1Gus, containing the uidA gene, 3 out of 19 transgenic wheat plants had the uidA gene alone as shown by Southern blots. The gene was transmitted to the progeny following Mendelian rules.

Theoretical estimates for the largest Lyapunov exponent of many-particle systems.

The largest Lyapunov exponent of an ergodic Hamiltonian system is the rate of exponential growth of the norm of a typical vector in the tangent space. For an N-particle Hamiltonian system with a smooth Hamiltonian of the type p(2)+V(q), the evolution of tangent vectors is governed by the Hessian matrix V of the potential. Ergodicity implies that the Lyapunov exponent is independent of initial conditions on the energy shell, which can then be chosen randomly according to the microcanonical distribution.

Detection and quantification of transgenes in grains by multiplex and real-time PCR.

Multiplex PCR reactions were developed for detecting simultaneously the CryIA(b) and pat genes from events 176, MON810, BT11, and T25 of transgenic maize, using only two pairs of primers, one for the CryIA(b) gene and the other for the pat gene. The Roundup Ready soybean can be precisely detected by a multiplex PCR reaction using known primers, amplifying fragments of the NOS and the epsps sequences simultaneously. Transgenic events such as Roundup Ready soybean and GA21 maize, among others, can be quantified by real-time PCR using a pair of primers and a probe specifically designed for annealing to the NOS ending region.

Measuring the Lyapunov exponent using quantum mechanics.

We study the time evolution of two wave packets prepared at the same initial state, but evolving under slightly different Hamiltonians. For chaotic systems, we determine the circumstances that lead to an exponential decay with time of the wave packet overlap function. We show that for sufficiently weak perturbations, the exponential decay follows a Fermi golden rule, while by making the difference between the two Hamiltonians larger, the characteristic exponential decay time becomes the Lyapunov exponent of the classical system.

Scaling laws for the largest Lyapunov exponent in long-range systems: A random matrix approach.

We investigate the laws that rule the behavior of the largest Lyapunov exponent (LLE) in many particle systems with long-range interactions. We consider as a representative system the so-called Hamiltonian alpha-XY model where the adjustable parameter alpha controls the range of the interactions of N ferromagnetic spins in a lattice of dimension d. In previous work the dependence of the LLE with the system size N, for sufficiently high energies, was established through numerical simulations.

Specific heat of multifractal energy spectra.

Motivated by the self-similar character of energy spectra demonstrated for quasicrystals, we investigate the case of multifractal energy spectra, and compute the specific heat associated with simple archetypal forms of multifractal sets as generated by iterated maps. We considered the logistic map and the circle map at their threshold to chaos. Both examples show nontrivial structures associated with the scaling properties of their respective chaotic attractors.

Isolation and expression of a barley beta-1,3-glucanase isoenzyme II gene.

A beta-1,3-glucanase gene from Hordeum vulgare was isolated by a PCR strategy, cloned and subsequently sequenced. The amplified sequence contained the entire coding region of the isoenzyme II, which is interrupted by a 165 bp intron at 73 bp downstream the starting codon. This intron contains all the elements required for the processing mechanism in monocots: a high A + U content, the appropriate splice sites in the 5' and 3' ends and four typical YUNAN consensus sequences.