Drivers of soil health across European Union - Data from the literature review.

Soil health in Europe has reached a critical point: it is estimated that 60-70% of European soils are unhealthy. Changes in land use, its intensity and the quality of management have significant impacts on soil health and soil related ecosystem services. A systems analysis of soil health dynamics requires an understanding of the drivers inducing changes in land use and management.

Twelve-month results from a randomized controlled trial comparing differential target multiplexed spinal cord stimulation and conventional spinal cord stimulation in subjects with chronic refractory axial low back pain not eligible for spine surgery.

Background: Successful treatments for intractable chronic low back pain (CLBP) in patients who are not eligible for surgical interventions are scarce. The superior efficacy of differential target multiplexed spinal cord stimulation (DTM SCS) to conventional SCS (Conv-SCS) on the treatment of CLBP in patients with persistent spinal pain syndrome (PSPS) who have failed surgical interventions (PSPS-T2) motivated the evaluation of DTM SCS versus Conv-SCS on PSPS patients who are non-surgical candidates (PSPS-T1).

Methods: This is a prospective, open label, crossover, post-market randomized controlled trial in 20 centers across the United States.

Differential Target Multiplexed Spinal Cord Stimulation for the Treatment of Chronic Intractable Upper Limb Pain: 12-Month Results From a Prospective, Multicenter Study.

Objectives: This prospective, open-label, single-arm, multicenter study evaluated the use of differential target multiplexed (DTM) spinal cord stimulation (SCS) therapy for chronic upper limb pain (ULP).

Materials And Methods: A total of 58 candidates for SCS who had chronic ULP were enrolled at 11 sites in the USA. The safety and effectiveness of DTM SCS for treating chronic intractable ULP were evaluated over 12 months.

Accurate genotype imputation from low-coverage whole-genome sequencing data of rainbow trout.

With the rapid and significant cost reduction of next-generation sequencing, low-coverage whole-genome sequencing (lcWGS), followed by genotype imputation, is becoming a cost-effective alternative to single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-array genotyping. The objectives of this study were 2-fold: (1) construct a haplotype reference panel for genotype imputation from lcWGS data in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss); and (2) evaluate the concordance between imputed genotypes and SNP-array genotypes in 2 breeding populations. Medium-coverage (12×) whole-genome sequences were obtained from a total of 410 fish representing 5 breeding populations with various spawning dates.

Barriers and facilitators of habit building for long-term adherence to antihypertensive therapy among people with hypertensive disorders in Los Angeles, California: a qualitative study.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to a) explore barriers and facilitators associated with medication-taking habit formation, and b) elicit feedback on the components of an intervention designed to help form strong habits for long-term medication adherence.

Design: The study design was qualitative; we conducted semistructured interviews between September 2021 and February 2022.

Setting: The interviews were conducted online, with 27 participants recruited at the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, California.

Insights into the pathophysiology and response of persistent spinal pain syndrome type 2 to spinal cord stimulation: a human genome-wide association study.

Background: Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) provides pain relief for some patients with persistent spinal pain syndrome type 2 (PSPS 2), but the precise mechanisms of action and prognostic factors for a favorable pain response remain obscure. This in vivo human genome-wide association study provides some pathophysiological clues.

Methods: We performed a high-density oligonucleotide microarray analysis of serum obtained from both PSPS 2 cases and pain-free controls who had undergone lower back spinal surgery at the study site.

European randomized controlled trial evaluating differential target multiplexed spinal cord stimulation and conventional medical management in subjects with persistent back pain ineligible for spine surgery: 24-month results.

Background: Differential target multiplexed spinal cord stimulation (DTM SCS) was shown to be superior to conventional SCS for treating chronic low back pain (CLBP) in subjects with persistent spinal pain syndrome with previous spinal surgery (PSPS-T2) or ineligible for it (PSPS-T1). This study reports 24-month efficacy and safety of DTM SCS vs. conventional medical management (CMM) in PSPS-T1 subjects across four European countries.

Genome-wide association analysis of the resistance to infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in two rainbow trout aquaculture lines confirms oligogenic architecture with several moderate effect quantitative trait loci.

Infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) is a disease of salmonid fish that is caused by the IHN virus (IHNV), which can cause substantial mortality and economic losses in rainbow trout aquaculture and fisheries enhancement hatchery programs. In a previous study on a commercial rainbow trout breeding line that has undergone selection, we found that genetic resistance to IHNV is controlled by the oligogenic inheritance of several moderate and many small effect quantitative trait loci (QTL). Here we used genome wide association analyses in two different commercial aquaculture lines that were naïve to previous exposure to IHNV to determine whether QTL were shared across lines, and to investigate whether there were major effect loci that were still segregating in the naïve lines.

Onset and progression of postmortem histological changes in the central nervous system of RccHan: WIST rats.

Death initiates a cascade of physiological and biochemical alterations in organs and tissues, resulting in microscopic changes that challenge the histopathological evaluation. Moreover, the brain is particularly susceptible to artifacts owing to its unique composition and its location within the cranial vault. The aim of this study was to compile and illustrate the microscopic changes in the central nervous system (CNS) of rats subjected to delayed postmortem fixation.

Targeted Nerve Root Stimulation Alleviates Intractable Chronic Limb Pain Associated with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome - A Prospective Multi-Center Feasibility Study.

Background: There are limited therapeutic options to treat complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Spinal cord stimulation and dorsal root ganglion stimulation are proven therapies for treating chronic low limb pain in CRPS patients. There is limited evidence that stimulation of dorsal nerve roots can also provide relief of lower limb pain in these patients.

Acetazolamide encapsulation in elastin like recombinamers using a supercritical antisolvent (SAS) process for glaucoma treatment.

Glaucoma, the second most common cause of blindness worldwide, requires the development of new and effective treatments. This study introduces a novel controlled-release system utilizing elastin-like recombinamers (ELR) and the Supercritical Antisolvent (SAS) technique with supercritical CO2. Acetazolamide (AZM), a class IV drug with limited solubility and permeability, is successfully encapsulated in an amphiphilic ELR at three different ELR:AZM ratios, yielding up to 62 %.

Trypanosoma cruzi in Mexican Neotropical vectors and mammals: wildlife, livestock, pets, and human population.

Objective: To provide primary evidence of Trypanosoma cruzi landscape genetics in the Mexican Neotropics.

Materials And Methods: Trypanosoma cruzi and discrete typing units (DTU) prevalence were analyzed in landscape communities of vectors, wildlife, livestock, pets, and sympatric human populations using endpoint PCR and sequencing of all relevant amplicons from mitochondrial (kDNA) and nuclear (ME, 18S, 24Sα) gene markers.

Results: Although 98% of the infected sample-set (N=2 963) contained single or mixed infections of DTUI (TcI, 96.

Answering Big Questions in Pain Medicine.

The future of pain medicine is marked by many questions. What can other nations around the world learn from the opioid crisis that is still affecting the United States? The American opioid experience was mischaracterized and wrongly described, and its causes were misdiagnosed from the outset, leading to its mismanagement and the abandonment of many chronic pain patients to their suffering. There are a few new drugs in the analgesic armamentarium.

Experiences of Patient Bigotry Among Doctor of Audiology Graduate Clinicians: A Review and Recommendations.

Purpose: Students in audiology clinical doctorate programs in the United States are required to participate in direct patient care under the supervision of a licensed precepting audiologist during their schooling. Audiology student clinicians commonly rotate through a variety of clinical settings with their own organizational structure, policies, and precepting clinicians. Systemic prejudice and stigma cause many of these student clinicians to experience bigotry from the patients they work with.

CD44-targeted nanoparticles for co-delivery of docetaxel and an Akt inhibitor against colorectal cancer.

New strategies to develop drug-loaded nanocarriers with improved therapeutic efficacy are needed for cancer treatment. Herein we report a novel drug-delivery nanosystem comprising encapsulation of the chemotherapeutic drug docetaxel (DTX) and recombinant fusion of a small peptide inhibitor of Akt kinase within an elastin-like recombinamer (ELR) vehicle. This combined approach is also precisely targeted to colorectal cancer cells by means of a chemically conjugated DNA aptamer specific for the CD44 tumor marker.

Real World Characterization of Chronic Pain, Success Rates and Implant Rates: Evidence from a Digital Health Platform of Patients Undergoing Spinal Cord Stimulation Evaluations.

Spinal cord stimulation is an effective treatment for those experiencing chronic back and leg pain but requires a temporary evaluation period (SCSeval) before permanent implantation. We present real-world data from 7,000 patients who underwent SCSeval while utilizing a mobile digital health platform for education, feedback, and outcomes collection during their surgical journey. We analyzed preoperative patient demographics, characterized patient pain profiles using the patient-reported outcomes measurement information system-29 surveys, and calculated the rates of conversion from temporary to permanent spinal cord stimulation (SCS) implantation.

Effect of Conventional Spinal Cord Stimulation on Serum Protein Profile in Patients With Persistent Spinal Pain Syndrome: A Case-Control Study.

Background: Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) provides pain relief for most patients with persistent spinal pain syndrome type 2 (PSPS 2). Evidence is mounting on molecular changes induced by SCS as one of the mechanisms to explain pain improvement. We report the SCS effect on serum protein expression in vivo in patients with PSPS 2.

Cooled radiofrequency ablation versus standard medical management for chronic sacroiliac joint pain: a multicenter, randomized comparative effectiveness study.

Introduction: Low back pain is the leading cause of disability worldwide, with sacroiliac joint pain comprising up to 30% of cases of axial lower back pain. Conservative therapies provide only modest relief. Although placebo-controlled trials show efficacy for sacral lateral branch cooled radiofrequency ablation, there are no comparative effectiveness studies.

Regulation of Expression of Extracellular Matrix Proteins by Differential Target Multiplexed Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) and Traditional Low-Rate SCS in a Rat Nerve Injury Model.

There is limited research on the association between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and chronic neuropathic pain. The objective of this study was twofold. Firstly, we aimed to assess changes in expression levels and the phosphorylation of ECM-related proteins due to the spared nerve injury (SNI) model of neuropathic pain.

A randomized controlled study of the long-term efficacy of cooled and monopolar radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of chronic pain related to knee osteoarthritis.

Background: Chronic knee pain due to osteoarthritis (OA) is expected to become more prevalent. Although conventional therapies may provide relief they are not long-lasting. Persistent pain may lead to total knee replacement, which is not free of adverse outcomes.

Effect of Provider Specialty on Medical Resource Utilization and Costs in Chronic Spinal-Pain Management.

Background: Poorly managed chronic spinal pain encumbers medical resources and drives healthcare costs, suggesting a target for improvement.

Objectives: To determine how specialist-care pathways influence healthcare costs in the first year after a referral for chronic spine pain.

Study Design: This was a retrospective cohort analysis of administrative claims from a large commercial health insurance provider, analyzing a 6-month baseline, a variable "pre-referral period," and a one-year period of specialist care.

Behavioural Economics to Improve Antihypertensive Therapy Adherence (BETA): protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial in Los Angeles.

Introduction: Non-adherence to antihypertensive therapy is one of the major barriers to reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Several interventions have targeted higher medication adherence, yet most do not result in sustained adherence. Routinisation has emerged as a potential method for mitigating this problem, but requires high motivation during the relatively long habit formation phase.