Artificial Intelligence Assistance in Point-of-Care Ultrasound Skill Retention for Novice Users in Space Medicine Scenarios.

Introduction: As humanity progresses further into space, astronauts must be increasingly independent from mission control, especially in high-consequence medical scenarios. The high-utility and low-mass nature of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) makes this imaging modality ideal for spaceflight mission deployment. However, POCUS operator skill degrades over time, presenting an operational barrier to continuous, effective use.

Dynamical complexity of postural control system in autism spectrum disorder: a feasibility study of linear and non-linear measures in posturographic analysis of upright posture.

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication with restricted and repetitive behavior. Postural and motor disturbances occur more often in ASD, in comparison to typically developing subjects, affecting the quality of life. Linear and non-linear indexes derived from the trajectory of the center of pressure (COP) while subjects stand on force platforms are commonly used to assess postural stability.

Can blood-flow restriction resistance training enhance remote strength transfer? A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Objectives: This systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to examine the effect of blood flow restriction resistance training (BFR-RT) on strength gains in untrained limbs (remote strength transfer [RST]).

Literature Survey: A search for studies was performed using six databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, SPORTDiscus, and ScienceDirect) up to February 2024.

Methodology: Studies that assessed the RST phenomenon following BFR-RT and measured muscle strength were included.

Contextual barriers to infection prevention and control program implementation in hospitals in Latin America: a mixed methods evaluation.

Background: Infection prevention and control (IPC) programs are essential to prevent and control the spread of multidrug-resistant organisms in healthcare facilities (HCFs). The current implementation of these programs in Latin America remains largely unknown.

Methods: We conducted a mixed-methods evaluation of IPC program implementation in HCFs from Guatemala, Panama, Ecuador, and Argentina, March-July 2022.

The Gut Microbiota Involvement in the Panorama of Muscular Dystrophy Pathogenesis.

Muscular dystrophies (MDs) are genetically heterogeneous diseases characterized by primary skeletal muscle atrophy. The collapse of muscle structure and irreversible degeneration of tissues promote the occurrence of comorbidities, including cardiomyopathy and respiratory failure. Mitochondrial dysfunction leads to inflammation, fibrosis, and adipogenic cellular infiltrates that exacerbate the symptomatology of MD patients.

Towards the development of a portable device based on modified-voltammetric sensors for the detection of illicit drugs and seized samples.

Illicit drugs are a global burden, not only for society, but also for the various control authorities for which its rapid on-site detection remains a challenge. In this context, the potential of a voltammetric electronic tongue (ET) for the analysis of different drugs is evaluated herein. Concretely, the discrimination and identification of cocaine, heroin, 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), methamphetamine and ketamine in self-prepared and real samples were attempted.

Developing Solutions to the Waitlist Problem for Eating Disorder Treatments.

Objective: We examine the small amount of research to date that describes and/or evaluates waitlist interventions as a precursor to treatment for an eating disorder (ED) with the intent to provide recommendations for future research that can further test the efficacy and effectiveness of waitlist interventions.

Method: A review of published studies showed the standard of proof about the usefulness of waitlist interventions to be slight, with important gaps in our knowledge. One such gap was whether recovered people with lived experience could provide support to adults waiting for treatment.

Bone action of the phytoestrogen genistein under hypoestrogenism and obesity.

Osteoporosis and obesity are prevalent diseases in menopause. The phytoestrogen genistein (Gen) is an antioxidant/anti-inflammatory agent proposed as natural therapy to counteract syndromes associated to menopause. In this work we evaluated the bone effect of Gen in a stress environment induced by hypoestrogenism and obesity.

Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity in Pregnancy: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis.

Introduction Local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST) is a rare complication of regional anesthesia. Pregnancy is a risk factor due to gestational physiologic changes. Labor and disorders of pregnancy can mask or delay symptoms of LAST, slowing appropriate intervention.

A new decision tool to objectively select the most appropriate ostomy system - a survey among ostomy nurse specialists.

Background: Peristomal skin complications are frequent in ostomy patients, mostly occurring as a result of effluent leaking from the system. Accurate selection of ostomy products prevents complication onset, but still largely relies on the subjective evaluation of professionals.

Purpose: To evaluate the functionality of a tool conceived to help practitioners objectively identify the most appropriate ostomy system based on patient characteristics.

Modeling learning-oriented motivation in health students: a system dynamics approach.

Background: Evidence shows that motivational practices focused on utility, importance, and autonomy shape university students' motivational orientation toward learning. On the other hand, the relationship between these variables and motivational orientation toward learning is not linear and requires models that describe their behavior over time.

Method: In this study, mathematical modeling based on system dynamics methodology is used to simulate in health students the temporal dynamics of the motivational orientation toward learning based on the behavior of these variables in different scenarios.

Internal Consistency and Floor/Ceiling Effects of the Gross Motor Function Measure for Use with Children Affected by Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Children/adolescents with cancer can develop adverse effects impacting gross motor function. There is a lack of gross motor function assessment tools that have been validated for this population. The aim of this multicenter cross-sectional study was to preliminary validate the 88-item Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-88) for use in children/adolescents with cancer, exploring internal consistency and floor/ceiling effect.

Cardiac decompression and right ventricular function improvement after bar removal in patients with pectus excavatum.

Pectus excavatum, the most frequent malformation of the chest wall, has been related to cardiac compression and exercise intolerance. Cardiac outcomes after minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum with retrosternal implants, particularly after removal (> 2 years postoperative) are generally unknown. We evaluated stress echocardiography outcomes before repair and after bar removal.

Cumulative human impacts on global marine fauna highlight risk to biological and functional diversity.

Anthropogenic stressors to marine ecosystems from climate change and human activities increase extinction risk of species, disrupt ecosystem integrity, and threaten important ecosystem services. Addressing these stressors requires understanding where and to what extent they are impacting marine biological and functional diversity. We model cumulative risk of human impact upon 21,159 marine animal species by combining information on species-level vulnerability and spatial exposure to a range of anthropogenic stressors.

Using Household Dietary Diversity Score and Spatial Analysis to Inform Food Governance in Chile.

This study explores how the Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) and spatial visualization can inform food governance in Chile, focusing on socio-demographic and geographical determinants affecting food consumption patterns. A national household database (n = 4047), including households from 2019 (n = 3967; 98.02%) and 2020 (n = 80; 1.

Synthesis and reactivity of air stable Ni(II) complexes with isocyanides and dialkyldithiophosphate ligands: acyclic diaminocarbene formation.

A library of new neutral and cationic Ni(II) complexes containing isocyanide ligands and mono- or dialkyl-dithiophosphate have been easily prepared and fully characterized. The synthesis of the neutral complexes unfolds through the alkyl transfer from one alkyldithiophosphate leaving group coordinated to the Ni(II) complex. The alkyl transfer is controlled by steric factors and is highly solvent-dependent.

Universal approximation theorem for vector- and hypercomplex-valued neural networks.

The universal approximation theorem states that a neural network with one hidden layer can approximate continuous functions on compact sets with any desired precision. This theorem supports using neural networks for various applications, including regression and classification tasks. Furthermore, it is valid for real-valued neural networks and some hypercomplex-valued neural networks such as complex-, quaternion-, tessarine-, and Clifford-valued neural networks.

Depression and anxiety in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: A 6-waves longitudinal study in the Argentine population.

Purpose: The pandemic has caused stress due to isolation, loss of loved ones, work and learning changes, financial instability, fear of infection, and uncertainty. It has negatively impacted mental health, particularly increasing anxiety, and depression symptoms. This study analyzed anxiety and depression symptoms over the first 25 months of the COVID-19 pandemic, considering age group, socioeconomic status, and gender.

Beneficial Effects of -Derived Bioactive Compounds in the Epigenetic Program of Neurodevelopment.

Gestational diet has a long-dated effect not only on the disease risk in offspring but also on the occurrence of future neurological diseases. During ontogeny, changes in the epigenetic state that shape morphological and functional differentiation of several brain areas can affect embryonic fetal development. Many epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNAs control brain gene expression, both in the course of neurodevelopment and in adult brain cognitive functions.

The "Sunshine Vitamin" and Its Antioxidant Benefits for Enhancing Muscle Function.

Pathological states marked by oxidative stress and systemic inflammation frequently compromise the functional capacity of muscular cells. This progressive decline in muscle mass and tone can significantly hamper the patient's motor abilities, impeding even the most basic physical tasks. Muscle dysfunction can lead to metabolic disorders and severe muscle wasting, which, in turn, can potentially progress to sarcopenia.