Autophagy: A challengeable paradox in cancer treatment.

Objective: Autophagy is an intracellular degradation pathway conserved in all eukaryotes from yeast to humans. This process plays a quality-control role by destroying harmful cellular components under normal conditions, maintaining cell survival, and establishing cellular adaptation under stressful conditions. Hence, there are various studies indicating dysfunctional autophagy as a factor involved in the development and progression of various human diseases, including cancer.

The possibility of angiogenesis inhibition in cutaneous melanoma by bevacizumab-loaded lipid-chitosan nanoparticles.

Cutaneous malignant melanoma is fastest-growing cancer in white populations with a large majority of dermal cancer death. The activity of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) results in the signaling of a variety of downstream intracellular pathways that ultimately leads to cell activation, proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. VEGF inhibitors such as bevacizumab are widely used in chemotherapy with systemic administration, which in many cases is associated with a variety of side effects.

The anti-angiogenic effect of atorvastatin loaded exosomes on glioblastoma tumor cells: An in vitro 3D culture model.

Exosomes are endogenous nanoparticles with a lipid bilayer membrane whose natural function as carriers of biological materials has attracted much attention. The ability of exosomes to cross biological barriers, especially the blood-brain barrier, has highlighted them as tools of drug delivery to brain tumors. In a previous study, we isolated and characterized exosomes derived from human endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (hEnMSCs exosomes).

Global prevalence of Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: A variety of mutations in the largest human gene, dystrophin, cause a spectrum from mild to severe dystrophin-associated muscular dystrophies. Duchenne (DMD) and Becker (BMD) muscular dystrophies are located at the severe end of the spectrum that primarily affects skeletal muscle. Progressive muscle weakness in these purely genetic disorders encourages families with a positive history for genetic counseling to prevent a recurrence, which requires an accurate prevalence of the disorder.

Antiproliferative effects of AAV-delivered CRISPR/Cas9-based degradation of the HPV18-E6 gene in HeLa cells.

Human papillomavirus infections are associated with most cervical cancers, which are the fourth most common cancer in women. HPV-E6 protein binds to protein p53 and inhibits its function, leading to the switching of normal cells toward cancer cells. Here, we disrupted the HPV-E6 gene and investigated its effects on the proliferation and apoptosis of HeLa cells.

Cell line-directed breast cancer research based on glucose metabolism status.

Metabolic reprogramming is a potential hallmark of tumor cells to support continuous proliferation. Metabolic heterogeneity in breast cancer patients has been highlighted as the driving cause of tumor progression and resistance to anticancer drugs. Studying and identifying distinct metabolic alterations in breast cancer subtypes could offer new perspectives for faster diagnosis and treatment.

Circular RNA-associated ceRNA network involved in HIF-1 signalling in triple-negative breast cancer: circ_0047303 as a potential key regulator.

The aggressive and highly metastatic nature of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) causes patients to suffer from the poor outcome. HIF-1 signalling pathway is a prominent pathway that contributes to angiogenesis and metastasis progression in tumours. On the contrary, the undeniable importance of circular RNAs (circRNAs) as multifunctional non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) has been identified in breast cancer.

The best drug supplement for obesity treatment: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: Obesity is a complex disease with an increasing prevalence worldwide. There are different weight-management options for obesity treatment, including dietary control, exercise, surgery, and medication. Medications are always associated with different responses from different people.

Hyaluronic acid-based drug nanocarriers as a novel drug delivery system for cancer chemotherapy: A systematic review.

Chemotherapy is the most common treatment strategy for cancer patients. Nevertheless, limited drug delivery to cancer cells, intolerable toxicity, and multiple drug resistance are constant challenges of chemotherapy. Novel targeted drug delivery strategies by using nanoparticles have attracted much attention due to reducing side effects and increasing drug efficacy.

Liposomes, new carriers for delivery of genes and anticancer drugs: a systematic review.

Today, nanoscience has grown and developed in various fields of medicine and treatment, including cancer treatment. Currently, the existing treatments, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, cause side effects that are unpleasant to the patient. Due to the fact that anticancer drugs cause severe and widespread side effects, liposomes are considered as new drug carriers to minimize the untimely destruction of the drug when it is delivered to the target tissue and to prevent the side effects of toxic drugs.

Anti-angiogenic effects of testis-specific gene antigen 10 on primary endothelial cells.

Growing evidence indicates the antitumor and antiangiogenesis activities of testis-specific gene antigen 10 (TSGA10). However, the underlying mechanisms and precise role of TSGA10 in angiogenesis are still elusive. In this study, we isolated human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and stably transfected with pcDNA3.

TSGA10 overexpression inhibits angiogenesis of HUVECs: A HIF-2α biased perspective.

Testis-specific gene antigen 10 (TSGA10) is a protein overexpressed in most cancers; except for some certain types where its expression is reduced. TSGA10 overexpression in HeLa cells has been shown to disrupt hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) axis and exert potent inhibitory effects. Since HIF-1α is structurally and biochemically similar to HIF-2α, TSGA10 is expected to bind HIF-2α and inhibit its function as well.

Study of DNA-Binding Activity and Antibacterial Effect of Escitalopram Oxalate, an Extensively Prescribed Antidepressant.

Escitalopram oxalate (EO) is considered as one of the extensively prescribed antidepressant drug in Turkey and some other countries, therefore this research was aimed to study the interaction of the drug with DNA and study of the substance effect on bacterial growth. The absorption value of the drug solution at 238 nm was increased when DNA was added gradually to it and it showed hyperchromism effect. The value obtained for DNA binding constant (Kb) was 0.

Synthesis of anticorrosion nanohybrid films based on bioinspired dopamine, L-cys/CNT@PDA through self-assembly on 304 stainless steel in 3.5% NaCl.

Nanohybrid films containing multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were successfully coated on 304-stainless steel (304ss) for anti-corrosion use. The nanocompositewas made by a self-assembly of poly (dopamine), wrapped with MWCNTs (CNT@PDA) through a mussel inspired method. In order to enhance the corrosion protection, an inner layer of L-cysteine, an adhesive amino acid to 304ss surface through thiol (-SH) functional group were constructed through a dip-coating process.

Determination of candidate genes involved in schizophrenia using the whole-exome sequencing.

Objectives: We used the whole-exome sequencing to evaluate several genes suspected of being involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.

Methods: The study sample was composed of two families. In the first family, two siblings had schizophrenia, and the parents were healthy.

Investigation of anticarcinogenic and antioxidant effects of -methylimidazole.

Unlabelled: 4-methylimidazole is widely used in pharmaceuticals, photographic and agricultural chemicals. The substance is extensively found in many human and animals foods. In this research, anticancer effect of the 4-MEI was studded using MTT test using MCF-7 cell line.

In vitro cytogenetic evaluation of the particular combination of flurbiprofen and roxithromycin.

Flurbiprofen (FLB) (anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug) and roxithromycin (RXM) (antibiotic) were widely used in world wide. This study deals with investigation of genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and oxidative stress effects of a particular combination of these drugs in human cultured lymphocytes. Also, DNA damaging-protective effects of combination of these drugs were analyzed on plasmid DNA.

The effects of 4-MEI on cell proliferation, DNA breaking and DNA fragmentation.

4-Methylimidazole (4-MEI) is a color widely found in cola drinks, roasted foods, grilled meats, coffee and other foods. This study was aimed to investigate the 4-MEI effects on the cell proliferation, purified circular DNA and DNA from cells of rats treated with the 4-MEI.In this study, mouse 3T3-L1 cell line was treated with 4-MEI at concentrations of 300, 450, 600 and 750 µg/mL for 24 hours and 48 hours periods, after that cytotoxic effect of the 4-MEI was studied by MTT test.

Delineating the antigenotoxic and anticytotoxic potentials of 4-methylimidazole against ethyl methanesulfonate toxicity in bone marrow cell of swiss albino mice.

4-Methylimidazole (4-MEI) is mostly used in beverages and coloring food, dark beers and common brands of cola drinks, which may contain more than 100 μg of this compound per 12-ounce serving. This study was aimed to investigate the antigenotoxic and anticytotoxic effects of 4-MEI (100, 130 and 160 mg/kg) against ethyl methanesulfonate (240 mg/kg) using chromosome aberrations (CAs) and Mitotic index (MI) tests in bone marrow cells of Swiss Albino Mice at 12 h and 24 h treatment periods. So, the t-test was used for the statistical analysis.

Assessment of in vitro genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of flurbiprofen on human cultured lymphocytes.

Flurbiprofen is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug which is commonly used for its analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects. The purpose of the study was to explore the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of flurbiprofen in human cultured lymphocytes by sister chromatid exchange, chromosome aberration, and cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus tests. 10, 20, 30, and 40 μg/mL concentrations of flurbiprofen (solvent is DMSO) were used to treatment of human cultured lymphocytes at two different treatment periods (24 and 48 h).

Evaluation of migraine in patients with ischaemic stroke.

An association between migraine and ischaemic stroke has been observed for many years, but the exact mechanisms by which migraine can lead to stroke are still unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of migraine headaches in patients with ischaemic stroke. In this prospective cohort study, we assessed 323 patients with ischaemic stroke; these diagnoses were assigned based on the International Headache Society criteria for migraine with or without aura.

Core promoter short tandem repeats as evolutionary switch codes for primate speciation.

Alteration in gene expression levels underlies many of the phenotypic differences across species. Because of their highly mutable nature, proximity to the +1 transcription start site (TSS), and the emerging evidence of functional impact on gene expression, core promoter short tandem repeats (STRs) may be considered an ideal source of variation across species. In a genome-scale analysis of the entire Homo sapiens protein-coding genes, we have previously identified core promoters with at least one STR of ≥ 6-repeats, with possible selective advantage in this species.