Cutoff points for handgrip strength in patients with liver cirrhosis: a multicenter study.

Objectives: This study aimed to define handgrip strength (HGS) cutoff points to predict 1-year mortality in adult patients with liver cirrhosis.

Methods: This is an analysis of cohort databases from four reference centers in Brazil. Inpatients or outpatients with cirrhosis and aged ≥18 years were included.

Mid-arm muscle circumference cutoff points in patients with cirrhosis: Low muscle mass related to malnutrition predicts mortality.

Objectives: Muscle loss is one of the phenotypic criteria of malnutrition, is highly prevalent in patients with cirrhosis, and is associated with adverse outcomes. Mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC) estimates the skeletal muscle mass and is especially helpful in cases of fluid overload. This study aimed to propose MAMC cutoff points for patients with cirrhosis and demonstrate its association with 1-year mortality.

Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease who regularly consume fruits and vegetables present lower prevalence of disease activation: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Exclusion diets are common practices among individuals with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Reports that certain foods trigger or worsen symptoms are recurrent but lack evidence. The aim of the study was to identify which foods were most frequently avoided by patients with Crohn's Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and whether the consumption of any food group was associated with disease activity.

Probiotic supplementation for 24 weeks in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: the PROBILIVER randomized clinical trial.

Background And Aim: Considering the increasing prevalence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and treatment gaps, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of probiotic supplementation on liver function markers, nutritional status, and clinical parameters.

Methods: This double-blind, randomized clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT0346782) included adult outpatients with biopsy-proven NASH.

Identifying nutrition risk in emergency patients: What is the most appropriate screening tool?

Background: The emergency department (ED) is the most frequent access route to the hospital. Nutrition risk (NR) screening allows the early identification of patients at risk of malnutrition. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and predictive validity of five different tools in EDs: Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002), Nutritional Risk Emergency 2017 (NRE-2017), Royal Free Hospital-Nutritional Prioritizing Tool (RFH-NPT), Malnutrition Universal Screening (MUST), and Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST).

TRANSLATION AND CROSS-CULTURAL ADAPTATION OF THE ROYAL FREE HOSPITAL-NUTRITIONAL PRIORITIZING TOOL (RFH-NPT).

Background: Nutritional screening is defined by American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) as a process to identify individuals at risk of malnutrition. Malnutrition is a prevalent condition in cirrhotic patients, and it results in important prognostic implications. Most of the commonly used instruments fail in considering the particularities of cirrhotic patients.

Predicting dry weight in patients with cirrhotic ascites undergoing large-volume paracentesis.

Background & Aims: Ascites impairs the correct diagnosis and nutritional management in patients with cirrhosis, because the body weight, which is needed for nutritional assessment and calculation of nutritional needs, is overestimated. To adjust the weight in patients with ascites, dietetic guidances indicate substracting 2.2-14 kg or 5-15% of the measured body weight according to the degree of ascites, however, there is a lack of evidence to substantiate these values.

LIVER INJURY INDUCED BY HERBAL AND DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS: A POOLED ANALYSIS OF CASE REPORTS.

Background: The intake of dietary supplements and medicinal plants is very popular worldwide. However, these products are not innocuous, and their intake can cause severe damage to health, especially liver injury.

Objective: This study aims to describe the clinical cases of dietary supplements-induced liver injury (DSILI) and herb-induced liver injury (HILI), identifying the main products involved and the clinical outcomes related to them.

Oral 24-week probiotics supplementation did not decrease cardiovascular risk markers in patients with biopsy proven NASH: A double-blind placebo-controlled randomized study.

Introduction And Objectives: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of death in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a clinical condition without any approved pharmacological therapy. Probiotics are often indicated for the disease, but their results are controversial in part due to the poor quality of studies. Thus, we investigated the impact of 24-week probiotics supplementation on cardiovascular risk (CVR) in biopsy-proven non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients.

Measurement of mid-arm circumference as a starting point for nutritional assessment of patients with decompensated cirrhosis: A prospective cohort study.

Background: The mid-arm circumference (MAC) is an accessible, quick, and inexpensive measurement, which can be performed at the bedside only with a measuring tape. In this sense, the present study aims to suggest MAC cut-off values to assess the nutritional status and its association with mortality of hospitalised patients with decompensated cirrhosis.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed with decompensated cirrhotic patients.

Food Intake Visual Scale-A practical tool for assessing the dietary intake of hospitalized patients with decompensated cirrhosis.

Background: The aim of this study was whether the Food Intake Visual Scale (FIVS) can be used in clinical practice to measure food intake in patients with decompensated cirrhosis.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed with patients with cirrhosis between April 2017 and July 2019. The food intake was assessed through the 1-day diet record (DR) and according to FIVS, which consists of pictures of four plates of food at different levels of consumption: "about all," "half," "a quarter," or "nothing.

Fructose intake is not associated to the risk of hepatic fibrosis in patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD).

Background & Aims: Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) has been linked to fructose intake (FI). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the dietary FI from different food sources (added/industrial processing and natural/intrinsic to food) is associated with NAFLD and risk of hepatic fibrosis (HF).

Methods: Cross-sectional study with 128 patients with NAFLD underwent clinical, functional, laboratory, nutritional and dietary intake by 3-day-diet-record evaluation.

Phase Angle Is an Independent Predictor of 6-Month Mortality in Patients With Decompensated Cirrhosis: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the nutrition status through phase angle (PA) and its association with mortality in patients with decompensated cirrhosis.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed with hospitalized decompensated cirrhotic patients. Nutrition status was assessed by PA, bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA), and Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) within 72 hours of hospital admission.

Effect of probiotic supplementation in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients: PROBILIVER TRIAL protocol.

Background: Recently factors in the relationship between gut microbiota, obesity, diabetes and the metabolic syndrome have been suggested in the development and progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In this sense, this work aims to evaluate the effects of probiotic supplementation on intestinal microbiota modulation, degree of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis, inflammation, gut permeability, and body composition.

Methods: This double-blind, randomized clinical trial will include adult outpatients with a diagnosis of NASH confirmed by biopsy with or without transient elastography.

Hepatoprotective Effect of Probiotic GG Through the Modulation of Gut Permeability and Inflammasomes in a Model of Alcoholic Liver Disease in Zebrafish.

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is among the leading causes of death from liver disease. Among the factors involved in its pathogenesis are inflammation and increased intestinal permeability. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of GG (LGG) on hepatic lipid accumulation, activation of inflammasomes, and gut permeability markers in experimental model of ALD with zebrafish.

Dietary interventions, intestinal microenvironment, and obesity: a systematic review.

Context: Obesity has been linked to the intestinal microenvironment. Diet plays an important role in obesity and has been associated with microbiota.

Objective: This systematic review sought to evaluate the scientific evidence on the effect of dietary modification, including supplementation with prebiotics and probiotics, on microbiota diversity in obesity.

Obesity, dynapenia and high cardiovascular risk co-exist in post-liver transplant setting: results of a cross-sectional study.

Background: Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of death in post-liver transplantation (LT). The aim of this study was to evaluate LT patients as to the carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and its association with nutritional status, dietary intake, metabolic profile and cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, adult patients with more than 12 months of post-transplant follow-up underwent clinical, laboratory, functional and nutritional evaluation by 3-day-diet-record, anthropometry and dynamometry.

Is dietary glycemic load associated with liver fibrosis in hepatitis C?

Introduction: Occidental diet and metabolic profile seems to increase hepatic fibrosis (HF) in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, but there is scarce information about the diet components and their role in this setting.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the dietary intake, metabolic profile, presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic HCV infection according to the presence of fibrosis.

Methods: Cross-sectional study which 58 patients with HCV infection without active antiviral therapy and non-cirrhotic were assessed.

REDUCED HAND GRIP STRENGTH IN OVERWEIGHT AND OBESE CHRONIC HEPATITIS C PATIENTS.

Background: Hepatitis C is a liver disease that causes significant changes in metabolism, and also has an impact on nutritional status.

Objective: To evaluate the nutritional status and cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated 58 patients with chronic hepatitis C, non-cirrhotic and were not under active pharmacological treatment.

Health-related quality of life of pregnant women with heartburn and regurgitation.

Background: Heartburn and regurgitation frequently occur in the third trimester of pregnancy, but their impact on quality of life has not been thoroughly investigated.

Objective: To measure health-related quality of life of third-trimester pregnant women with heartburn and regurgitation. Methods Data on obstetric history, heartburn and regurgitation frequency and intensity, history of heartburn and regurgitation and health-related quality of life were collected of 82 third-trimester pregnant women.

Improvement of the metabolic syndrome profile by soluble fibre - guar gum - in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised clinical trial.

A diet rich in fibre seems to protect against the metabolic syndrome (MetS), but there is scarce information about the role of fibre intake in patients with the MetS and diabetes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of soluble fibre from partially hydrolysed guar gum (PHGG) on the MetS and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes. In the present randomised controlled clinical trial, forty-four patients with type 2 diabetes (males 38·6 %, age 62 (SD 9) years, diabetes duration 14·2 (SD 9·6) years) and the MetS underwent clinical, laboratory and dietary evaluations at baseline, 4 and 6 weeks.

The role of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet food groups in blood pressure in type 2 diabetes.

The role of each Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet component in blood pressure (BP) of patients with diabetes is still uncertain. The aim of the present study was to evaluate possible associations of the recommended food groups of the DASH diet eating plan with BP values in patients with type 2 diabetes. In the present cross-sectional study, 225 patients with type 2 diabetes (age 61·1 (SD 10·4) years; diabetes duration 13·1 (SD 9·1) years; males 48·4 %; BMI 28·5 (SD 4·3) kg/m(2); HbA1c 7·1 (SD 1·3) %; systolic BP 136·7 (SD 20·0) mmHg; diastolic BP 78·4 (SD 11·8) mmHg) without dietary counselling during the previous 6 months had their dietary intake assessed by 3 d weighed-diet records.

Heartburn and regurgitation in pregnancy: the effect of fat ingestion.

Background: Reflux symptoms are common in pregnancy, but their association with fat ingestion is unclear.

Aim: To investigate an association of dietary fats with heartburn and regurgitation in pregnancy.

Methods: This is a prospective study in which 89 pregnant women (gestational age 34 +/- 4 weeks) attending a low-risk prenatal outpatient clinic were asked to provide information on the frequency they experienced heartburn and regurgitation.

Endothelial dysfunction and serum fatty acid composition in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible association between serum fatty acids composition and endothelial dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 125 normo- or microalbuminuric type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with serum creatinine <1.5 mg/dL.

[Dietary factors and metabolic syndrome].

The role of diet in metabolic syndrome (MS) has been studied regarding each one of its components: obesity, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and abnormal glucose metabolism. However, few studies evaluated the effects of diet in the presence of MS as a unique independent disease. The aim of this manuscript was to review the role of dietary factors and dietary recommendations for MS.