Global burden of tuberculous meningitis in children aged 0-14 years in 2019: a mathematical modelling study.

Background: Tuberculous meningitis is fatal if untreated and can lead to lifelong neurological sequelae. However, to our knowledge, there are no data on the number of children affected by this disease. We aimed to estimate the global disease burden and attributable mortality of childhood tuberculous meningitis by WHO regions, age groups, treatment status, and HIV status in 2019.

Simultaneous determination of cystine and other free aminothiols in blood plasma using capillary electrophoresis with pH-mediated stacking.

We developed a method of sensitive capillary electrophoresis using UV detection for the determination of certain free aminothiols (reduced cysteinylglycine (rCysGly), cysteine (rCys), glutathione (rGln), and cystine (CysS) in human blood plasma. The reduced thiols were derivatized with N-ethylmaleimide. The plasma was purified from proteins via ultrafiltration.

Influence of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts on Blood Aminothiols in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) and the coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) are associated with a decreased blood glutathione (bGSH) level. Since GSH metabolism is closely related to other aminothiols (homocysteine and cysteine) and glucose, the aim of this study was to reveal the associations of bGSH with glucose and plasma aminothiols in CAD patients (N = 35) before CABG and in the early postoperative period. Forty-three volunteers with no history of cardiovascular disease formed the control group.

Effect of Platinum Nanoparticles on the Structure of Protein Molecules and Regulation of the Tone of Brain Vessels in Experimental Animals.

The effects of platinum nanoparticles on the morphological structures of the solid phase of blood serum and the tone of cerebral microvessels as indicators of the dynamics of homeostasis were studied on outbred albino male rats (n=40) weighing 300-350 g. Platinum nanoparticles were injected to experimental animals in 1 ml of physiological saline. For systemic BP measurements and blood sampling, the femoral artery was isolated and catheterized.

Application of wavelet analysis to detect dysfunction in cerebral blood flow autoregulation during experimental hyperhomocysteinaemia.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the use of laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) signals coupled with spectral wavelet analysis to detect endothelial link dysfunction in the autoregulation of cerebral blood flow in the setting of hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHcy). Fifty-one rats were assigned to three groups (intact, control, and HHcy) according to the results of biochemical assays of homocysteine level in blood plasma. LDF signals on the rat brain were recorded by LAKK-02 device to measure the microcirculatory blood flow.

A Marker of Cerebral Ischemia in Solid State Structures of Blood Serum.

Reversible cerebral ischemia of medium severity was reproduced in male Wistar rats by bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries. Solid-phase structures (anisomorphons) were obtained by marginal dehydration of the serum. Small focal isotropic defects in the serum anisomorphon texture were found in 100% cases during occlusion of the carotid arteries.

Wavelet Analysis of Cerebral Microcirculation in Hypovolemic Shock.

Hypovolemic shock leads to severe cerebral ischemia and increases spectral amplitudes of cerebral blood flow oscillations in respiratory frequency range.

Blood serum structures integrated assessment of pathophysiological changes in experimental cerebral ischemia.

The Purpose: The purpose. To reveal solid-phase structures of blood serum during and after experimental cerebral ischemia.

Methods: Integrated estimation pathophysiological changes at brain ischemia received on solid-phase structures of blood serum (BS) at 27 rats-male Vistar in weight of 300-390 g.

Effect of cerebral ischemia on redox status of plasma aminothiols.

We measured the content of reduced aminothiols (cysteine, homocysteine, and glutathione) after mechanical occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in rats. During acute period of ischemia (3 h), these parameters decreased by ~10 times. In 7 days, the content of reduced aminothiols in some animals remained low, but in the others surpassed the initial levels.

[Influence of hyperhomocysteinemic on the wavelet-analysis of cerebral blood flow].

The objective of this study is to assess the effect of different blockers of a vessel tone on the cerebral blood flowmotion in rats using spectral analysis based on wavelets transform of the periodic oscillations of the cerebral laser Doppler flowmetry signal. Three frequency intervals were identified (0.01-0.

Adaptation to hypoxia prevents disturbances in cerebral blood flow during neurodegenerative process.

The rats with neurodegenerative brain disorder induced by administration of a toxic fragment of beta-amyloid demonstrate weakened endothelium-dependent dilation of cerebral vessels, which attested to impaired production of endothelial NO. At the same time, toxic beta-amyloid fragment induced the formation of NO depots in the walls of cerebral vessels, which indirectly attests to NO overproduction in the brain tissue. Preadaptation to hypoxia prevented endothelial dysfunction and improved the efficiency of NO storage.

Effect of serotonin on respiration, cerebral circulation, and blood pressure in rats.

The effects of intravenous serotonin on respiration, cerebral circulation, and blood pressure were examined in narcotized rats. Serotonin rapidly decreased local cerebral blood flow (by almost 30%) and blood pressure. Hemodynamic phenomena were accompanied by sharp changes in the respiration pattern: short-term apnea in all cases.

[Afobazole increases cerebral blood flow in rats with global brain ischemia].

The selective anxiolytic drug afobazole administered in a dose of 5 mg/kg increased the cerebral blood flow in rats. The effect was more pronounced in rats with global reversible cerebral ischemia than in intact animals. The ischemia model was caused by occlusion of both common carotid arteries for 120 min with simultaneous reduction of the arterial pressure to 40-50 mm Hg through blood-letting.

[The effect of esafosfina on cerebral circulation in intact and ischemized rat brain].

The physiological metabolite esafosfina (fructose 1,6-diphosphate) influences the cerebral circulation of intact male rats. Injected intravenously in a dose of 250 mg/kg, esafosfina improved both the blood supply to brain and the local blood flow in the parietal region. Under the conditions of global transient cerebral ischemia, the cerebrovascular effect of the drug tends to increase.

[Effect of perftoran on cerebral blood flow in the reperfusion period after global transient brain ischemia].

It was established, while modeling the global transient cerebral ischemia in experiments with 51 anesthetized nonlinear white rats (weight 300-330 g), that a preliminary administration of perftoran in the discussed pathology does not only improve the reperfusion process in the brain but also levels the deficits of crystalloid solutions used as blood substitutes (by the example of physiological solution). Therefore, the drug has a cytoprotective action on the vascular-system endothelium. A direct admixture of perftoran to the autoblood introduced after global transient cerebral ischemia improves essentially the reperfusion-period course in the brain versus the combination of physiological solution and autoblood.

Possibility of linear dependence between vascular wall tension and blood flow in precortical arterioles.

Intravital microscopy was used to determine the diameter and length of pial cortical arterioles in rat brain. Mathematical model yielded a formula showing that regulation of arteriolar wall tension results in autoregulation of the blood flow.

[Comparative study of dilceren (nimodipine) on the cerebral circulation in the intact animals and animals subjected to ischemic brain damage].

The influence of the calcium entry blocker dilceren (nimodipine) on the local and regional circulation was studied in rats and cats. In the majority of experiments on intact animals, dilceren increased the local and regional blood flow. However, in some cases, the circulation decreased or remained unchanged, which was accompanied by pronounced hypotension.

[The microcirculation and the succinate and NADH dehydrogenase activities of the brain in neurotic disorders of the higher nervous activity in white rats].

A correlation was made between microcirculation and energy metabolism in the brain of 50 neurotized rats. Neurotic disorders were defined by characteristics of conditioning, arterial pressure, breathing rate and heart rate. In vivo biomicroscopy revealed modification of the state of blood vessels at rest and inverted reaction of brain pial vessels of neurotized rats to bilateral occlusion of common carotid arteries.