Process Analytical Technology for High Shear Wet Granulation: Wet Mass Consistency Reported by In-Line Drag Flow Force Sensor Is Consistent With Powder Rheology Measured by At-Line FT4 Powder Rheometer.

Drag flow force (DFF) sensor that measures the force exerted by wet mass in a granulator on a thin cylindrical probe was shown as a promising process analytical technology for real-time in-line high-resolution monitoring of wet mass consistency during high shear wet granulation. Our previous studies indicated that this process analytical technology tool could be correlated to granulation end point established independently through drug product critical quality attributes. In this study, the measurements of flow force by a DFF sensor, taken during wet granulation of 3 placebo formulations with different binder content, are compared with concurrent at line FT4 Powder Rheometer characterization of wet granules collected at different time points of the processing.

Real-time assessment of granule densification in high shear wet granulation and application to scale-up of a placebo and a brivanib alaninate formulation.

Real-time monitoring and control of high shear wet granulation (HSWG) using process analytical technologies is crucial to process design, scale-up, and reproducible manufacture. Although significant progress has been made in real-time measurement of granule size distribution using focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM), real-time in-line assessment of granule densification remains challenging. In this study, a drag force flow (DFF) sensor was developed and used to probe wet mass consistency in real-time.

Use of Penning ionization electron spectroscopy in plasma for measurements of environmental gas constituents.

A breadboard GC detector based on Penning ionization electron spectroscopy in plasma (PIES) was investigated. The PIES detector was set up in series with a gas chromatograph and a thermal conductivity detector. Two-dimensional PIES chromatograms were recorded for carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and methane.

Micro-optical force sensor concept based on whispering gallery mode resonators.

A micro-optical force sensor concept based on the morphology-dependent shifts of optical modes of dielectric microspheres is investigated. The optical resonances, commonly referred to as the whispering gallery modes (WGM), were excited by evanescently coupling light from a tunable diode laser using a tapered single-mode fiber. A compressive force applied to the sphere induces a change in both the shape and the index of refraction of the sphere leading to a shift in WGM.

Ionization processes in fluorescent lamps: evaluation of the Hg chemi-ionization rate coefficients.

Chemi-ionization by two mercury atoms to produce mercury atomic and molecular ions has been considered an important process in fluorescent lamps (FLs) for a quarter of a century. Despite the absence of reliable data, these processes have been included in a number of numerical models to help explain some of the experimental observations. These models have shown that the most important process is the Penning ionization of two Hg metastable atoms Hg(6(3)P2)+Hg(6(3)P2) --> Hg(+)+Hg(6(1)S0)+e.