Safety, Immunogenicity and Protective Activity of a Modified Trivalent Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine for Combined Protection Against Seasonal Influenza and COVID-19 in Golden Syrian Hamsters.

Background/objectives: Influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2 are currently cocirculating with similar seasonality, and both pathogens are characterized by a high mutational rate which results in reduced vaccine effectiveness and thus requires regular updating of vaccine compositions. Vaccine formulations combining seasonal influenza and SARS-CoV-2 strains can be considered promising and cost-effective tools for protection against both infections.

Methods: We used a licensed seasonal trivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine (3×LAIV) as a basis for the development of a modified 3×LAIV/CoV-2 vaccine, where H1N1 and H3N2 LAIV strains encoded an immunogenic cassette enriched with conserved T-cell epitopes of SARS-CoV-2, whereas a B/Victoria lineage LAIV strain was unmodified.

Ipidacrine (Axamon), A Reversible Cholinesterase Inhibitor, Improves Erectile Function in Male Rats With Diabetes Mellitus-Induced Erectile Dysfunction.

Background: Management of diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction (DMED) is challenging because of its insufficient responses to phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors.

Aim: To compare the effects of ipidacrine, a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor, and sildenafil on DMED in a rat model of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes.

Methods: Erectile dysfunction (ED) caused by STZ-induced diabetes mellitus was modeled in adult male Wistar rats, which were randomized to 4 groups: untreated diabetic rats, sildenafil (5 mg/kg), ipidacrine (3.

Comparison of biomarker and chromatographic analytical approaches to pharmacokinetic study of sitagliptin.

The pharmacokinetic profiling of active compounds is necessary for drug development and application. Approaches to a pharmacokinetic study based on biological markers are alternatives to traditional approaches based on chromatographic methods. The aim of the study was to compare two analytical approaches to pharmacokinetics investigation for an example of sitagliptin in rabbits after one dose oral administration.

High-Dimensional Brain in a High-Dimensional World: Blessing of Dimensionality.

High-dimensional data and high-dimensional representations of reality are inherent features of modern Artificial Intelligence systems and applications of machine learning. The well-known phenomenon of the "curse of dimensionality" states: many problems become exponentially difficult in high dimensions. Recently, the other side of the coin, the "blessing of dimensionality", has attracted much attention.

Metabolite profiling and mechanisms of bioactivity of snake autolysate - A traditional Uzbek medicine.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Aqueous autolysate from the snake Eryx miliaris (SNA) has been used in traditional medicine of Uzbekistan as anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory agent. However, little is known about the chemical composition and its mechanisms of activity.

Aim Of The Study: This is our first attempt to analyse the composition of snake autolysate using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and to investigate the mechanisms of anti-inflammatory and hyaluronidase activity of fingerprinted E.

Therapeutic efficacy of arginine-rich exenatide on diabetic neuropathy in rats.

Diabetes mellitus is characterized by metabolic dysregulation associated with a number of health complications. More than 50% of patients with diabetes mellitus suffer from diabetic polyneuropathy, which involves the presence of peripheral nerve dysfunction symptoms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of a new synthetic arginine-rich exendin-4 (Peptide D) in the treatment of complications caused by diabetes, including peripheral neuropathy, in rats.

Pharmacokinetic Study of Bioactive Glycopeptide from After Intranasal Administration to Rats Using Biomarker Approach.

A glycopeptide fraction (GPF) from internal organs of green sea urchins ( Müller, Strongylocentrotidae) has been reported to be an effective bronchitis treatment. In this study, we evaluated the pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution of GPF, following single and repeated intranasal (i/n) administration over the course of seven days in rats. The method measuring lactate dehydrogenase as biomarker was used to analyse the plasma and tissue concentrations of GPF.

Animal-derived medicinal products in Russia: Current nomenclature and specific aspects of quality control.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Animal-derived medicinal products (ADMP) had been extensively used in Russia and became a part of officinal medicine in 1778.

Aim Of The Study: The aim of the current review was to analyse the ADMPs authorised in the Russian Federation and to identify specific aspects of quality evaluation of these medicinal products.

Materials And Methods: Information of ADMPs was extracted from the online State Register of Medicinal Products of the Russian Federation.

Two Live Attenuated Vaccines against Recent Low⁻and Highly Pathogenic H7N9 Influenza Viruses Are Safe and Immunogenic in Ferrets.

Influenza H7N9 virus is a potentially pandemic subtype to which most people are immunologically naïve. To be better prepared for the potential occurrence of an H7N9 pandemic, in 2017 the World Health Organization recommended developing candidate vaccine viruses from two new H7N9 viruses, A/Guangdong/17SF003/2016 (A/GD) and A/Hong Kong/125/2017 (A/HK). This report describes the development of live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) candidates against A/GD and A/HK viruses and study of their safety and immunogenicity in the ferret model in order to choose the most promising one for a phase I clinical trial.

Pharmacokinetic and Tissue Distribution of Fucoidan from after Oral Administration to Rats.

L., known as bladderwrack, belongs to the brown seaweeds, which are widely distributed throughout northern Russia, Atlantic shores of Europe, the Baltic Sea, Greenland, the Azores, the Canary Islands, and shores of the Pacific Ocean. Fucoidan is a major fucose-rich sulfated polysaccharide found in () .

Traditional and Current Food Use of Wild Plants Listed in the Russian Pharmacopoeia.

Historically Russia can be regarded as a "herbophilious" society. For centuries the multinational population of Russia has used plants in daily diet and for self-medication. The specificity of dietary uptake of medicinal plants (especially those in the unique and highly developed Russian herbal medical tradition) has remained mostly unknown in other regions.

Chemical Profiling and Bioactivity of Body Wall Lipids from Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis.

The lipids from gonads and polyhydroxynaphthoquinone pigments from body walls of sea urchins are intensively studied. However, little is known about the body wall (BW) lipids. Ethanol extract (55 °C) contained about equal amounts of saturated (SaFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) representing 60% of total fatty acids, with myristic, palmitic and eicosenoic acids as major SaFAs and MUFAs, respectively.

A new tridecapeptide with an octaarginine vector has analgesic therapeutic potential and prevents morphine-induced tolerance.

A growing body of evidence suggests that peptides may possess analgesic effects without tolerance development. The synthetic tetrapeptide Tyr-d-Arg-Phe-Gly-NH was modified with the inclusion of a (d-Arg) vector to prevent the action of endopeptidase and to increase the duration of the analgesic action of the tetrapeptide when administered orally. The aim of this study was to estimate the analgesic efficacy of the tetrapeptide with (d-Arg) (tridecapeptide, TDP) in experimental models of acute and chronic pain.

Comparative stability of dimeric and monomeric pigments extracted from sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis.

Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and UPLC-DAD-MS were used for analysis of stability of ethanol solutions of ethylidene-6,6'-bis(2,3,7-trihydroxynaphthazarin) (ENZ), spinochrome dimer (SDM) and spinochrome D (SD) that were isolated from Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis. In the freshly prepared solution, the concentration of ENZ at pH 6.0 was at 6 fold less comparing to pH 1.

Aralia elata var. mandshurica (Rupr. & Maxim.) J.Wen: An overview of pharmacological studies.

Purpose: Aralia elata var. mandshurica (Rupr. & Maxim.

Oplopanax elatus (Nakai) Nakai: chemistry, traditional use and pharmacology.

Oplopanax elatus (Nakai) Nakai, a member of the ancient angiosperm plant family Araliaceae, is used for the treatment of different disorders in the medicine systems of China, Russia, and Korea, and was designated in Russia as a classical adaptogen. Despite extensive studies of classical adaptogens, there are comparatively few reports concerning the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of O. elatus in English.

Bergenia crassifolia (L.) Fritsch--pharmacology and phytochemistry.

Purpose: Bergenia crassifolia (L.) Fritsch, a species in the Bergenia genus belongs to the family Saxifragaceae, is valuated for its medicinal application. The review focuses on the medicinal uses, phytochemistry, and the biological activities of B.

Rapid profiling of phenolic compounds of green and fermented Bergenia crassifolia L. leaves by UPLC-DAD-QqQ-MS and HPLC-DAD-ESI-QTOF-MS.

Bergenia crassifolia L., Saxifragaceae, is an evergreen perennial plant known in traditional medicine of Russia, Mongolia and China. Polyphenols are responsible for the number of pharmacological effects of Bergenia.

Characterization of volatile and semi-volatile compounds in green and fermented leaves of Bergenia crassifolia L. by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and ID-CUBE direct analysis in real time-high resolution mass spectrometry.

Chemical compositions of volatile and semi-volatile components in green and fermented leaves of Bergenia crassifolia L. were studied. Leaf components were identified using gas chromatography with low resolution mass spectrometry and direct analysis in real time (DART) high resolution mass spectrometry with an ID-CUBE ion source.

Medicinal plants of the Russian Pharmacopoeia; their history and applications.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Due to the location of Russia between West and East, Russian phytotherapy has accumulated and adopted approaches that originated in European and Asian traditional medicine. Phytotherapy is an official and separate branch of medicine in Russia; thus, herbal medicinal preparations are considered official medicaments. The aim of the present review is to summarize and critically appraise data concerning plants used in Russian medicine.

Antiallergic effects of pigments isolated from green sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) shells.

This study was undertaken to evaluate possible antiallergic effects of an extract of pigments from green sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) shells. Effects were studied on animal models - guinea pig ileum contraction, rabbit eyes allergic conjunctivitis, and rabbit local skin irritation. The extract significantly reduced, in a dose-dependent manner, the histamine-induced contractions of the isolated guinea pig ileum with ID50 =1.

Effect of Bergenia crassifolia L. extracts on weight gain and feeding behavior of rats with high-caloric diet-induced obesity.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the feeding behavior and weight gain in rats with high-calorie diet-induced obesity that are treated with Bergenia crassifolia black and fermented leaves extracts. The daily dietary intake of all treated animals was reduced to 40% compared with the control group on day 22 of the experiment. A significant improvement in glucose tolerance was noted after 7 days of treatment with the Bergenia extracts.

ID-CUBE direct analysis in real time high-resolution mass spectrometry and its capabilities in the identification of phenolic components from the green leaves of Bergenia crassifolia L.

Rationale: Bergenia crassifolia is a plant widely used in herbal medicine. Its chemical composition has been little studied, and no studies using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) have been performed. Its phenolic components are of particular interest, due to the interest in such compounds in medicine and cosmetics.