Influence of Various Light Regimes on Morphofunctional Condition of Transplantable Melanoma B16.

A study of the morphofunctional condition of mice with transplantable melanoma B16 under the influence of a normal daylight regime, constant lighting and constant darkness was conducted. It was shown that exposure to constant lighting leads to intensification of the proliferation of melanoma cells, more significant growth and spread of the tumor, the development of more pronounced secondary changes, the presence of perivascular growth and an increase in perineural invasion. At the same time, keeping of animals in constant darkness significantly reduced the intensity of the proliferative process in the tumor and lead to tumor regression in the absence of signs of lympho-, intravascular and intraneural invasion.

Initial Assessment of Boiling Histotripsy for Mechanical Ablation of Ex Vivo Human Prostate Tissue.

Boiling histotripsy (BH) is a focused ultrasound technology that uses millisecond-long pulses with shock fronts to induce mechanical tissue ablation. The pulsing scheme and mechanisms of BH differ from those of cavitation cloud histotripsy, which was previously developed for benign prostatic hyperplasia. The goal of the work described here was to evaluate the feasibility of using BH to ablate fresh ex vivo human prostate tissue as a proof of principle for developing BH for prostate applications.

Do Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells Contain Functional Mitochondria?

Extracellular vesicles (EV) derived from stem cells have become an effective complement to the use in cell therapy of stem cells themselves, which has led to an explosion of research into the mechanisms of vesicle formation and their action. There is evidence demonstrating the presence of mitochondrial components in EV, but a definitive conclusion about whether EV contains fully functional mitochondria has not yet been made. In this study, two EV fractions derived from mesenchymal stromal stem cells (MSC) and separated by their size were examined.

Age-Related Changes in Bone-Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

The use of stem cells is part of a strategy for the treatment of a large number of diseases. However, the source of the original stem cells for use is extremely important and determines their therapeutic potential. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have proven their therapeutic effectiveness when used in a number of pathological models.

Treating Porcine Abscesses with Histotripsy: A Pilot Study.

Infected abscesses are walled-off collections of pus and bacteria. They are a common sequela of complications in the setting of surgery, trauma, systemic infections and other disease states. Current treatment is typically limited to antibiotics with long-term catheter drainage, or surgical washout when inaccessible to percutaneous drainage or unresponsive to initial care efforts.

Phospholipase A2 way to hydrolysis: Dint formation, hydrophobic mismatch, and lipid exclusion.

Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) exerts a wide range of biological effects and attracts a lot of attention of researchers. Two sites are involved in manifestation of PLA2 enzymatic activity: catalytic site responsible for substrate binding and fatty acid cleavage from the sn-2 position of a glycerophospholipid, and interface binding site (IBS) responsible for the protein binding to lipid membrane. IBS is formed by positively charged and hydrophobic amino acids on the outer surface of the protein molecule.

Resemblance and differences in dietary restriction nephroprotective mechanisms in young and old rats.

Dietary restriction (DR) is the strategy ameliorating the morbidity of various pathologies, including age-associated diseases. Acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a problem for the elderly with DR being a promising approach for diminishing its consequences. We evaluated the possible nephroprotective potential of short-term DR in young and old rats.

Release kinetics of fluorescent dyes from PLGA nanoparticles in retinal blood vessels: In vivo monitoring and ex vivo localization.

PLGA (poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid))-based nanoparticles (NPs) are promising drug carrier systems because of their excellent biocompatibility and ability for sustained drug release. However, it is not well understood how the kinetics of such drug delivery system perform in the retinal blood circulation as imaged in vivo and in real time. To answer this question, PLGA NPs were loaded either with lipophilic carbocyanine perchlorate (DiI) or hydrophilic Rhodamine 123 (Rho123) and coated with poloxamer 188 (P188): PLGA-DiI/P188 and PLGA-Rho123/P188.

Mitochondrial Damage and Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidant Protection in LPS-Induced Acute Kidney Injury.

Induced and frequently unwanted alterations in the mitochondrial structure and functions are a key component of the pathological cascade in many kidney pathologies, including those associated with acute damage. One of the principal pathogenic elements causing mitochondrial dysfunction in Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is oxidative stress. After ischemia and nephrotoxic action of drugs, sepsis and systemic inflammation are the most frequent causes of AKI.

Phospholipidic Colchicinoids as Promising Prodrugs Incorporated into Enzyme-Responsive Liposomes: Chemical, Biophysical, and Enzymological Aspects.

Enzyme-responsive liposomes release their cargo in response to pathologically increased levels of enzymes at the target site. We report herein an assembly of phospholipase A2-responsive liposomes based on colchicinoid lipid prodrugs incorporated into lipid bilayer of the nanosized vesicles. The liposomes were constructed to addresses two important issues: (i) the lipid prodrugs were designed to fit the structure of the enzyme binding site; and (ii) the concept of lateral pressure profile was used to design lipid prodrugs that introduce almost no distortions into the lipid bilayer packing, thus ensuring that corresponding liposomes are stable.

Inactivation of Planktonic Escherichia coli by Focused 1-MHz Ultrasound Pulses with Shocks: Efficacy and Kinetics Upon Volume Scale-Up.

This study addresses inactivation of E. coli in either 5- or 10-mL volumes, which were 50- to 100-fold greater than used in an earlier study (Brayman et al. 2017).

Scaffold-free, label-free and nozzle-free biofabrication technology using magnetic levitational assembly.

Tissue spheroids have been proposed as building blocks in 3D biofabrication. Conventional magnetic force-driven 2D patterning of tissue spheroids requires prior cell labeling by magnetic nanoparticles, meanwhile a label-free approach for 3D magnetic levitational assembly has been introduced. Here we present first time report on rapid assembly of 3D tissue construct using scaffold-free, nozzle-free and label-free magnetic levitation of tissue spheroids.

Contrast enhancement of the brain by folate-conjugated gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-human serum albumin nanoparticles by magnetic resonance imaging.

Different from regular small molecule contrast agents, nanoparticle-based contrast agents have a longer circulation time and can be modified with ligands to confer tissue-specific contrasting properties. We evaluated the tissue distribution of polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) prepared from human serum albumin (HSA), loaded with gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) (Gd-HSA-NP), and coated with folic acid (FA) (Gd-HSA-NP-FA) in mice by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). FA increases the affinity of the Gd-HSA-NP to FA receptor-expressing cells.

Transferrin-coated gadolinium nanoparticles as MRI contrast agent.

Purpose: In this study, the contrasting properties of human serum albumin nanoparticles (HSA-NPs) loaded with gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) and coated with transferrin in MRI in mice are evaluated.

Procedures: HSA-NPs were conjugated with Gd-DTPA (Gd-HSA-NPs) and coupled with transferrin (Gd-HSA-NP-Tf). Mice underwent MRI before or after injection of Gd-DTPA, Gd-HSA-NP, or Gd-HSA-NP-Tf.