Effects of Phytotoxic Nonenolides, Stagonolide A and Herbarumin I, on Physiological and Biochemical Processes in Leaves and Roots of Sensitive Plants.

Phytotoxic macrolides attract attention as prototypes of new herbicides. However, their mechanisms of action (MOA) on plants have not yet been elucidated. This study addresses the effects of two ten-membered lactones, stagonolide A (STA) and herbarumin I (HBI) produced by the fungus , on , and .

Singlet Oxygen in Plants: Generation, Detection, and Signaling Roles.

Singlet oxygen (O) refers to the lowest excited electronic state of molecular oxygen. It easily oxidizes biological molecules and, therefore, is cytotoxic. In plant cells, O is formed mostly in the light in thylakoid membranes by reaction centers of photosystem II.