Increased Yield of Extracellular Vesicles after Cytochalasin B Treatment and Vortexing.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising therapeutic instruments and vectors for therapeutics delivery. In order to increase the yield of EVs, a method of inducing EVs release using cytochalasin B is being actively developed. In this work, we compared the yield of naturally occurring extracellular vesicles and cytochalasin B-induced membrane vesicles (CIMVs) from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).

Methods of the Large-Scale Production of Extracellular Vesicles.

To date, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been extensively investigated as potential substitutes for cell therapy. Research has suggested their ability to overcome serious risks associated with the application of these cells. Although, the translation of EVs into clinical practice is hampered by the lack of a cheap reasonable way to obtain a clinically relevant number of EVs, an available method for the large-scale production of EVs ensures vesicles' integrity, preserves their biological activity, and ensures they are well reproducible, providing homogeneity of the product from batch to batch.

Application of neurotrophic and proangiogenic factors as therapy after peripheral nervous system injury.

The intrinsic ability of peripheral nerves to regenerate after injury is extremely limited, especially in case of severe injury. This often leads to poor motor function and permanent disability. Existing approaches for the treatment of injured nerves do not provide appropriate conditions to support survival and growth of nerve cells.

Angiogenesis and nerve regeneration induced by local administration of plasmid into the intact rat sciatic nerve.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) are well-known growth factors involved in the regeneration of various tissues and organs, including peripheral nerve system. In the present study, we elucidated the local and systemic effects of plasmid construct рBud-coVEGF165-coFGF2 injected into the epineurium of intact rat sciatic nerve. Results of histological examination of sciatic nerve and multiplex immunoassays of serum showed the absence of immunogenicity and biosafety of plasmid рBud-coVEGF165-coFGF2.

Allogenic Adipose Derived Stem Cells Transplantation Improved Sciatic Nerve Regeneration in Rats: Autologous Nerve Graft Model.

We examined the effect of transplantation of allogenic adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) with properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on posttraumatic sciatic nerve regeneration in rats. We suggested an approach to rat sciatic nerve reconstruction using the nerve from the other leg as a graft. The comparison was that of a critical 10 mm nerve defect repaired by means of autologous nerve grafting versus an identical lesion on the contralateral side.