Mutagenicity evaluation of pesticide analogs using standard and 6-well miniaturized bacterial reverse mutation tests.

The Ames test is widely used in the mutagenicity evaluation of new and existing chemicals as a part of a compound selection strategy, regulatory control, the equivalence assessment, carcinogenic potential measurement etc. Intensification of the chemical industry and synthesis of plenty of new molecules has led to the necessity of tests with a higher throughput capacity. The 6-well miniaturized bacterial reverse mutation test and the standard Ames test were compared using 14 technical grade active ingredients (TGAIs) of pesticides.

Genotoxicity of mixture of imidacloprid, imazalil and tebuconazole.

Genotoxicity of the mixture of generic pesticides imidacloprid + imazalil + tebuconazole in a ratio of 14.0/1.7/1.

Parkinson's disease and pesticides: Are microRNAs the missing link?

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that leads to significant morbidity and decline in the quality of life. It develops due to loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, and among its pathogenic factors oxidative stress plays a critical role in disease progression. Pesticides are a broad class of chemicals widely used in agriculture and households for the protection of crops from insects and fungi.

Olive oil with high polyphenolic content induces both beneficial and harmful alterations on rat redox status depending on the tissue.

Olive oil (OO) possesses a predominant role in the diet of Mediterranean countries. According to a health claim approved by the European Food Safety Authority, OO protects against oxidative stress‑induced lipid peroxidation in human blood, when it contains at least 5 mg of hydroxytyrosol and its derivatives per 20 g. However, studies regarding the effects of a total OO biophenols on redox status are scarce and either observational and do not provide a holistic picture of their action in tissues.

Does SCFD1 rs10139154 Polymorphism Decrease Alzheimer's Disease Risk?

Α number of genetic variants have been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) susceptibility. Sec1 family domain-containing protein 1 (SCFD1) gene polymorphism rs10139154 has recently been implicated in the risk of developing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Similarities in the pathogenetic cascade of both diseases have also been described.

Indicator PCBs in farmed and wild fish in Greece - Risk assessment for the Greek population.

Health benefits of fish consumption could be counterbalanced by the intake of contaminants after long term fish consumption, burdened even in trace levels. The presence of the indicator PCBs (NDL-PCBs and PCB 118) in farmed and wild seabream and seabass was evaluated. For the determination of PCB, a GC-MS method was developed and evaluated.

Six months exposure to a real life mixture of 13 chemicals' below individual NOAELs induced non monotonic sex-dependent biochemical and redox status changes in rats.

This study assessed the potential adverse health effects of long-term low-dose exposure to chemical mixtures simulating complex real-life human exposures. Four groups of Sprague Dawley rats were administered mixtures containing carbaryl, dimethoate, glyphosate, methomyl, methyl parathion, triadimefon, aspartame, sodium benzoate, calcium disodium ethylene diamine tetra-acetate, ethylparaben, butylparaben, bisphenol A, and acacia gum at doses of 0, 0.25, 1 or 5 times the respective Toxicological Reference Values (TRV): acceptable daily intake (ADI) or tolerable daily intake (TDI) in a 24 weeks toxicity study.

Staphylococcus aureus colonisation in patients from a primary regional hospital.

Staphylococcus aureus (SA or S. aureus) is a common pathogen that leads to local and systemic infections in communitarian and hospitalised patients. Staphylococcus colonizing nasal or pharyngeal sites can become virulent and cause severe infections.

CYP polymorphisms and pathological conditions related to chronic exposure to organochlorine pesticides.

The association between genetic variations in the cytochrome P450 (CYP) family genes and pathological conditions related to long-term exposure to organochlorine compounds (OCs) deserves further elucidation. OCs are persistent organic pollutants with bioaccumulative and lipophilic characteristics. They can act as endocrine disruptors and perturb cellular mechanisms.

Pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cerebrospinal fluid of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients: a case-control study.

Neurotoxic chemicals including several pesticides have been suggested to play a role in the etiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We investigated the relation between organochlorine pesticides and their metabolites (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the etiology of sporadic ALS, determining for the first time their levels in cerebrospinal fluid as indicator of antecedent exposure. We recruited 38 ALS patients and 38 controls referred to an Italian clinical center for ALS care, who underwent a lumbar puncture for diagnostic purposes between 1994-2013, and had 1mL of cerebrospinal fluid available for the determination of OCPs, PCBs and PAHs.

Long-term exposure to cypermethrin and piperonyl butoxide cause liver and kidney inflammation and induce genotoxicity in New Zealand white male rabbits.

Cypermethrin (CY) is a frequently used class II pyrethroid pesticide, while piperonyl butoxide (PBO) plays a major role in the pesticide formulation of synthetic pyrethroids. Synthetic pyrethroids are metabolized in mammals via oxidation and ester hydrolysis. PBO can prevent the metabolism of CY and enhances its pesticide effect.

Long-term exposure of rabbits to imidaclorpid as quantified in blood induces genotoxic effect.

The present in-vivo study focuses on the genotoxic effect of the neonicotinoid pesticide imidacloprid (IMI) in rabbits. The purpose of the study was to establish a possible relationship between exposure to the pesticide (dose and duration) and genotoxicity. Furthermore, an analytical method for the simultaneous determination of IMI and its major metabolite 6-chloronicotinic acid (6-ClNA) in blood was developed and validated.