The effect of a spinal thrust manipulation's audible pop on brain wave activity: a quasi-experimental repeated measure design.

Introduction: High velocity thrust manipulation is commonly used when managing joint dysfunctions. Often, these thrust maneuvers will elicit an audible pop. It has been unclear what conclusively causes this audible sound and its clinical meaningfulness.

Prognostic significance of venous tumour thrombus consistency in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Objectives: To identify the prognostic impact of venous tumour thrombus (VTT) in locally advanced renal cell carcinomas (RCCs). To further differentiate the clinical course of patients with VTT who have similar clinicopathological characteristics.

Patients And Methods: We determined the VTT consistency (solid vs friable) in a retrospective cohort of 200 patients with RCC who had undergone nephrectomy between 1994 and 2011.