[Bisphosphonate-induced collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis; two clinical cases and literature review].

Collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is well described in its idiopathic form, mostly seen in young African American patients, and in association with HIV virus. Its clinical presentation typically includes proteinuria and renal failure rapidly progressing to end stage renal disease. However, a new form has recently been described related to treatment with high doses of intravenous bisphosphonates, especially pamidronate.

High prevalence of major cardiovascular risk factors in first-degree relatives of individuals with familial premature coronary artery disease--the GENECARD project.

Background: Hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, obesity and smoking are highly prevalent among patients with familial premature coronary artery disease (FP-CAD). Whether these risk factors equally affect other family members remains unknown.

Methods: We examined 222 FP-CAD patients, 158 unaffected sibs, 197 offspring and 94 spouses in 108 FP-CAD families (> or = 2 sibs having survived CAD diagnosed before age 51 (M)/56 (F)), and compared them to population controls.

Contribution of major cardiovascular risk factors to familial premature coronary artery disease: the GENECARD project.

Objectives: This study was designed to assess the prevalence of major cardiovascular risk factors in familial premature coronary artery disease (P-CAD), affecting two or more siblings within one sibship.

Background: Premature CAD has a genetic component. It remains to be established whether familial P-CAD is due to genes acting independently from major cardiovascular risk factors.

Hyperlipidemia in HIV-infected children treated with protease inhibitors: relevance for cardiovascular diseases.

Cases of severely hypercholesterolemic HIV-infected children taking protease inhibitors (PIs) have been reported. Because high cholesterol levels (> or =15 mmol/L), as seen in homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), may lead to heart disease in childhood, the authors performed a systematic retrospective survey of all plasma lipid levels recorded for children who had received ritonavir or nelfinavir between 1995 and 2001 in Switzerland. Administration of PIs was associated with a significant increase in plasma cholesterol levels, which was more pronounced for those given ritonavir (from 3.